Education- Sociologists

• Functionalist Views of Education:

  Durkheim (Social solidarity + specialist skills)

  Parsons (Focal socialising agency + universalistic standards + meritocratic principles)

  Davis and Moore (Role Allocation)

  Blau and Otis (Human Capital)
• Marxist Views of Education-

  Althusser (Ideological State Apparatus + false class consciousness)

  Bowles + Gintis (Correspondence Principle + myth of meritocracy)

  Willis (Learning to Labour + Anti-school subcultures)
• Interactionist views of education (1)-

  Hargreaves et Al (speculation + elaboration + stabilisation)

  Goffman (Psychiatric hospitals + institutionalisation)

  Dunne and Gazeley (Labelling in secondary +normalised working class underachievement in school)
• Interactionist Views on education (2)-

  Cicourel and Kitsuse (Educational Councillors + advice based on characteristics)

  Rist (Kindergarten + Tigers + Clowns/Cardinals)

  Rosenthal and Jacobson (Self Fulfilling Prophecy + IQ Spurters)
• Interactionist Views on education (3)-

  Douglas (Lower stream + Decline in IQ by 11 + Ideal pupil)

  Lacey (Subcultures + Differentiation + Polarisation + 11+)

  Woods (Responses to Labelling + Integration + Ritualism + Retreatism + Rebellion)
• Social Class and Attainment (1)-

  Faherty (Money issues were a significant factor)

  Douglas (M/C parents + visiting schools + greater stimulation)

  Bernstein and Young (toys + intellectual development)

  Feinstein (W/C parents + lack of interest)

  Bourdieu (Culture Capital)
• Social Class and Attainment (2)-

  Leech and Campos (Selection by Mortgage)

  Sullivan (Measure Culture Capital + Survey)

  Hyman (W/C + Self Imposed Barrier)

  Sugarman (Fatalism + Collectivism + Immediate Gratification + Present time orientation)

  Blackstone and Mortimore (language codes + W/C have non-set hours)
• Social Class and Attainment (3)-

  Becker (Determinism + Human Action Fixed)

  Bernstein (Language Codes + M/C can switch)

  Gaine and George (Bernstein over simplifies)

  Williams (Speech Hierarchy)

  Bull (Cost of free schooling)
• Social Class and Attainment (4)-

  Howard (Poor nutrition)

  Chandler and Jackson (W/C + debt adverse)

  Blackstone and Mortimore (flexible working hours + M/C)

  Operation Headstart (Education Action Zones + Compensatory Education)

  Morton and Watson (Compensatory Education cannot remove inequality)
• Social Class and Attainment (5)-

  Ball (Culture Capital)

  Smith and Noble (Marketisation)

  Gerwirtz (Privileged skilled choosers + disconnected local choosers + semi-skilled choosers)

  Bartlett (Cream Skimming + Silt Shifting)

  Macrea (Selective Sixth Forms + M/C)