Geography

• Inequality is when wealth and resources are not shared equally
• poverty is the state of being poor
• Describe poverty?


  poverty is the lack of resources and money to meet basic needs
• Development gap is the gap between a less developed country and a more developed country
• Quality of life is the standard of health, comfort, and happiness experienced by an individual or group.
• What is a development indicator?

  A development indicator shows how developed a country is
• Life expectancy - how many years an infant baby lives for on average
• Adult literacy rate - the percentage of people who can read and write over the age of 15.
• HDI is the human development index, it was made to compare and measure countries.
• what are the aspects HDI measures?

  • literacy rate
  • Life expectancy
  • GNI (gross national income)
• Landlocked - a country surrounded almost entirely by land
• Industrial revolution - when factories were built and machines were invented
• Birth Rate - The number of babies born per year per 1000 people in a population
• Identify 3 factors that have held back Malawis development?

  Malawi is a landlocked country

  Malawis structure of employment is mostly farming

  Malawis physical geography is uneven, their is not enough space for development and building as half of their land is mountians and Lake Malawi.
• Non renewable source - a resource that can be used but will run out some day and cannot be brought back . eg Raw egg, Cake
• Exclave - A part of a country that is cut of from the main part by a border.
• Peninsula - a split of land that is surrounded by water on three sides eg: The Arabian Peninsula
• Natural Resource - Something that is created naturally in the environment
• Water Stress - Where a country or area cannot meet its demand for fresh water
• Physical water scarcity - The lack of water to meet everyone in a populations basic needs
• Economic Water scarcity - Where other areas have water but some people cannot access it due to poverty
• State a factor of physical Water scarcity?

  Climate

  Overuse of water
• State a factor for economic water scarcity?

  People cannot afford it

  inflation
• what are the 3 maritime choke points in the middle east?

  1. Suez canal
  2. Strait of Hurmuz
  3. Bab El Mandeb Strait
• two solutions to reduce water stress :

  1. Moving the water
  2. Turning salt water into fresh water by using desalination plants
• State 2 challenges faced by the Arabian peninsula:

  1. Water Stress
  2. Climate Change
• Identify 2 ways climate change can increase poverty levels in some countries?

  1. Droughts and floods can destroy crops this affects farmers drastically
  2. The rise of sea levels causes people to live closer to the coast to loose their homes and belongings
• Top-down development - development led by a government or a large organization.
• Bottoms-up development - NGOs help small communties to develop
• State 2 positive and negative impacts of TNCs in LEDCs due to Globalization?

  Positive: Economic growth, job creation Negative: Exploitation, environmental degradation
• Natural Resource - A resource which occurs naturally in the environment.
• Plates = The earths lithosphere broken into big slabs that move around
• Lithosphere = the earths crust and mantle together
• Fold mountain = two plates push together causing the rock to fold upwards causing mountains
• Tsunami = A wave generated by earth caused by an earthquake in the ocean
• Fumarole = an opening in the earth's crust that releases steam and gas
• Geyser = a spring of water that shoots out into the air every so often
• Types of plate boundaries

  • Two plates moving apart;
  • two plates slide alongside each other in different directions or rates
  • where an oceanic plate and continental plate move towards each other
  • when two continental plates move towards each other
• Sustainable - can be carried out into the future without doing any harm
• Renewable resource - a source we can keep using without running out