Hypothalamus

• lateral nucleus is responsible for hunger stimulated by ghrelin inhibited by leptin injury causes anorexia
• venteromedial is the satiety center stimulated by leptin injury usually by craniopharyngioma causes hyperphagia
• anterior nucleus is the heat loss center responsible for cooling
• posterior nucleus is the heat gain center
• suprachiasmatic nucleus controls circadian rhythm
• supraoptic and paraventricular releases ADH and oxytocin stored in posterio pituitary
• preoptic nucleus controls sex behaviors thermoregulation and releases gnrh
• failure of gnrh producing cells to migrate from olfactory pit causes kallman syndrome ( hypogonadism caused by no gnrh)