individual diferences
Subdecks (4)
Cards (65)
- assumptions
- Individuals, differ in their behaviour and personal qualities, idiographic approaches rather than nomothetic approaches (focus on one-person qualitatively).
- It is also assumed that all human characteristics can be measured and quantified. The measures gained from one person are likely to be different to those gathered from another, showing individual differences.
- strengths
- informs the free will determinism debate and the extent to which we can control behaviour
- useful applications
- case study method often used
- weaknesses
- socially sensitive
- ethics
- not scientific
- nature debate examples
- freud - psychosexual stages of development are human nature and every person goes through them, however: how each stage is resolved is based on the interactions we have with those around us
- baron Cohen - concludes that autism is biological
- Hancock - the language used by a psychopath is different than a non and therefore must be a biological component
- nurture debate examples
- yerkes - the test of intelligence in theory is nature, but if consider the cultural biases may be seen as nurture as the environment around you.
- holism debate examples
- freud - identifies a series of events that lead to the development of the phobia, both biological and environmental factors are considered. HOWEVER, he explained Little Hans’ phobias and fantasies in relation to his theory of psychosexual development
- Goulds review -considers a variety of biases that may influence the test and how valid a way of measuring intelligence it is.
- Hancock - aims to measure the language, and the socio-economic factors that influence someone being a psychopath
- reductionism debate examples
- baron Cohen - theory of mind is tested in one way, the eyes test
- determinism debate (psychic)
- freud - the sexual stages of development are [redetermined, however: the rate at which we progress through them is your choice
- baron - that if someone is autistic, they are predetermined to not have theory of mind.
- Gould - states that intelligence is not learnt it is innate and someone is stupid is based off their race
- free will debate examples
- Hancock - not all psychopaths are serial killers, however: the way someone speaks dictates whether they are a psychopath or not and we cannot control the nature in the way we speak
- individual debate examples
- freud - the psychosexual stages of development are unique in every person how they present themselves, but each person has them
- Gould - innate intellectual ability due to genes and where you are born
- Hancock - there are dispositional factors connected with being a psychopath
- situational debate examples
- baron - how a person responds to facial cues is dependent on the environment they are in, regardless of autism
- applications
- dream analysis
- talking therapy
- psychoanalysis