electrostatics

• Charge transfer


  Can accept/donate electrons
• More negative object (low degree of electron )


  Becomes positive
• More positive object (high degree of electron )


  Becomes negative
• Substances that are electric conductors

  • Electrons will be donated by objects with low electron affinity
• Substances that have high degree of electron affinity


  • Electrons will be accepted by objects
• Positive objects


  • Glass, Hair, Fur, Silk
• Negative objects


  • Polyester, PVC, Teflon
• Neutral objects


  Plastic, Wood
• Interaction between like charges

  Repel
• Interaction between unlike charges

  Attract
• Polarisation


  Charged object induces a partial charge on a neutral object
• Principle of Conservation of Charge: The total charge of a closed system remains constant during any physical process
• Charges that are mainly stationary are called electrostatic charges
• Polarisation occurs when a partial charge is induced on a neutral object
• Quantization


  Each election has a charge of -1.6×10^-19 C (Elementy of Change)
• Charge


  • 1 mC = 10^-3 C
  • 1 μC = 10^-6 C
  • 1 nC = 10^-9 C
• The amount of electrons per change = -1.6x10^-19 C
• Every change in the universe is an integer multiple of the electron charge
• Magnets


  • Like poles repel
  • Unlike poles attract
• Magnetic field


  Region in space where a ferromagnetic substance will experience a force
• Ferromagnetic substances


  • Fe, Co, Ni
  • Strongly attracted by magnetic field
  • Can synthetically or naturally become permanent magnets
• Charge units


  • Coulomb (C)
  • milli (m) = 10^-3 C
  • micro (μ) = 10^-6 C
  • nano (n) = 10^-9 C
  • pico (p) = 10^-12 C