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Biology unit 1
1.3
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Cards (24)
Food molecules
large
molecules - need to break down smaller to get through
gut wall
insoluble particles - must convert to
soluble
ones to be transported in
blood
Food tests
starch -
iodine
solution,
brown
->
blue
/
black
glucose -
benedict's
reagent,
blue
->
any
colour
protein -
biuret
solution,
blue
->
purple
, (irritant)
Absorption
transfer of breakdown products into
blood
small
intestine - food
large
intestine - water
Digestion
breakdown of food, mainly in
mouth
stomach
small
intestine
Egestion
removal of any undigested food via
rectum
and
anus
The pancreas secretes enzymes that break down
carbohydrate
,
protein
and fats.
The
large
intestine absorbs
water
to form
faeces.
Digestive system
A -
mouth
B -
oesophagus
C -
liver
D -
gallbladder
E -
pancreas
F -
stomach
G -
large
intestine
H -
small
intestine
I -
rectum
J -
anus
Mouth
begins digestion of
starch
secretes
amylase
Oesophagus
no
digestion
food is moved down to
stomach
through
peristalsis
Liver
produces
bile
bile helps with
digestion
of
fats
Gallbladder
stores
bile
releases
bile into the
small
intestine
Pancreas
produces
carbohydrase
and
lipase
these
enzymes
both act in the
small intestine
Stomach
begins digestion of
protein
ph of
1-3
produces
protease
Large intestine
reabsorbs
water
that has been added to
digestive
juices
produces
faeces
Small
intestine
pancreatic
carbohydrase causes breakdown of starch ->
maltose
protease
completes breakdown of protein ->
amino acid
pancreatic
lipase
causes breakdown of
fats
->
fatty acid
and
glycerol
carbohydrase
completes breakdown of carbohydrates ->
glucose
Rectum
part of
large intestine
faeces
are stored hwre before
egestion
Anus
faeces
are
egested
from here
Peristalsis
wave of muscular
contractions
forcing food down the
digestive
system
Carbohydrase
breaks down carbohydrates from
starch
into
glucose
or simple sugars if starch is not present
in mouth,
pancreas
and
small intestine
Protease
digests
proteins
into amino acids
in
stomach
and
small
intestine
Lipases
breakdown of fat into
glycerol
and
fatty acids
in
pancreas
and
small intestine
Bile
emulsifies
fats
aids
digestion
produced in
liver
stored in
gallbladder
Enzymes
carbohydrase
protease
lipase
amylase