BIODIVERSITY

• What does bio mean?

  life
• what does diversity means

  variety
• is the variety of life on Earth and the essential interdependence of all living things

  biodiversity
• True or False:

  Scientists have identified more than 1.4 million species. Tens of millions

  True
• True or False:

  The tremendous variety of life on Earth is made possible by complex interactions among all living things including micro-organisms.

  True
• 3 Components of Biodiversity

  Diversity of Genes

  Diversity of Number of Species

  Variety of Ecosystems
• Chihuahuas, Beagles, and Rottweilers are all the same species —but they're not the same because there is variety in their genes.

  Diversity of Genes
• For example, monkeys, dragonflies, and gumamela are all different species.

  Diversity of Number of Species
• Lakes, Ponds, and Rivers are all Freshwater Ecosystems.

  Rocky coast, Sand Dune, Estuary, Salt Marsh , Coral Reef are all Marine Ecosystems.

  Variety of Ecosystems
• A self-contained community of  microorganisms, animals and plants, that interact with each other and with their physical environment.”

  Ecosystem
• This might describe the name of the place where the creature lives.

  habitats
• may describe the DOMINANT VEGETATION of the place where the creature lives.

  habitats
• Describe the TYPE of place where the creature lives

  habitats
• A group of morphologically similar creatures which can:

  Interbreed to produce fertile offspring

  Are ‘reproductively isolated’

  species
• This is the physical and chemical description of where a creature lives

  habitats
• Creatures who are related through PHYLOGENY


  species
• Types of Organism

  Candida

  Moth

  Fish

  Turtle

  Duck

  Pig

  Monkey

  Human
• Something that has value in and of itself

  Intrinsic Value
• True or False:

  Biodiversity has an intrinsic value because it is part of the natural world, and the conservation of species, genetic resources and ecosystems is important for the maintenance of natural ecological processes

  True
• designates the value that is independent of potential usefulness of biodiversity for human beings.

  Intrinsic value of biodiversity
• something worthwhile not because it leads to something else, but for its own sake alone; i.e., Good-in-itself

  intrinsic good
• the value something has as a means to another’s end

  utilitarian value
• This value includes:

  Goods e.g. sustainable timber

  Services e.g. eco-tourism

  Information e.g. Park Wardens

  utilitarian value
• True or False:

  Good number of Filipinos aren't dependent on fishing for livelihood

  False, they are dependent
• Considered as the “rainforests of the sea”, these are among nature’s  most spectacular and beautiful creations and ranks as one of the most complex and diverse ecosystems in the world.

  Coral reefs
• Some scientists estimate that as many as BLANK species per hour are going extinct and BLANK extinctions occur each year.

  3 species and 20,000 extinctions
• is a common concern of humankind and an integral part of the development process

  biodiversity
• Deforestation and forest degradation has increased since the BLANK

  Rio Earth Summit
• How many species are there?

  1.4 million named species

  (70% of which are invertebrates)

    --  estimated 3 to 50 million species alive!
• This provides anti-cancer drugs

  rosy periwinkle from madagascar
• what threatens biodiversity?

  mass extinction
• population low but extinction less imminent

  threatened
• number so low that extinction imminent

  endangered
• slash and burn

  swidden agriculture
• 60% of deforestation

  >  Rapid decline in soil productivity (nutrient storage?)

  >  Can be sustainable

    --  (15 - 20 year rotation)

  Inequitable land ownership

    (e.g., Brazil where only 5% of farmers own land)

  swidden agriculture
• 21% of deforestation

  creaming of the most valuable hardwoods

  1-2 trees per hectare taken (widespread damage)

  clearcut versus selective

  commercial logging
• 12% of deforestation

  frequently aided by government subsidies

  2 trees destroyed for each hamburger made from

      “tropical forest beef”

  cattle ranching
• BLANK commercial and conservation strategies need to be

     developed but these must take into account the economic and

     environmental constraints of the particular country

  Broad-scale