Biology Paper 1

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Cards (28)

Eukaryotic cells 
Consist of plant cells and animal cells
Prokaryotic cells 
Bacterial cells
Magnification 
Image size / Actual size
Advantages and disadvantages of microscopes
Light microscopes: Easy to use, cheap
Electron microscopes: Better magnification and resolution
Stem cells 
Undifferentiated cells with potential to transform into specialized cells
Specialized cells 
Nerve cells, sperm cells, egg cells, brain cells, muscle cells
Mitosis 
One cell dividing into two identical daughter cells
Diffusion 
Movement from high to low concentration
Osmosis 
Movement from high to low concentration
Active transport 
Movement from low to high concentration
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
Hierarchical organization of living things
Lock and key model
Describes how enzymes work
Enzymes in the digestive system
Protease
Carbohydrase
Lipase
Digestive system 
1. Mouth
2. Esophagus
3. Stomach
4. Small intestine
5. Large intestine
6. Rectum
Food tests are important to know
Circulatory system 
Heart with 4 chambers, arteries, veins, capillaries
Xylem 
Transports water from roots to rest of plant
Phloem 
Transports food up and down the plant
Communicable disease 
Disease that can be spread between people
Pathogen types 
Bacteria
Protists
Fungi
Viruses
Ways to prevent disease spread
Staying hygienic
Self-isolation
Vaccination
Lines of defense against disease
Physical barriers (skin, hair, mucus, stomach acid)
Phagocytosis by white blood cells
Lymphocytes making antibodies and memory cells
Drug development 
3 phases of testing for safety and efficacy
Photosynthesis 
Process where plants use light, CO2 and water to produce glucose and oxygen
Respiration 
Process where organisms use glucose and oxygen to produce CO2 and water
Metabolism 
Sum of all chemical reactions in the body
Aerobic respiration 
Respiration with oxygen
Anaerobic respiration 
Respiration without oxygen, leads to oxygen debt