PBL

• Preauricular lymphadenopathy

  Sign of ineffective eyelid swelling
• Yellow sclera

  Jaundice
• Bitemporal hemianopia

  lesion in optic chiasm
• Retention cyst of ant. lingual gland

  Ranula
• Swelling of tongue

  Acute glossitis
• What might happen to unconscious patients?

  tongue might fall back and obstruct airway
• tongue carcinoma treatment: removal of deep cervical nodes

  bloc dissection
• most dangerous location of tongue carcinoma

  • posterior 1/3
  • because of bilateral lymphatic spread
• where will tongue stick out in stroke cases

  affected side
• emergency procedure due to airway obstruction

  cricothyrotomy
• surgical procedure for obstructed larynx

  tracheostomy
• tracheostomy incision location

  1st and 2nd tracheal cartilages
• tracheostomy bleeding source?


  midline thyroid veins
• surgical opening of esophagus?

  oesophagostomy
• oesophagostomy perforation site?


  killian's dehisence
• commonest site of pharyngeal carcinoma?

  fossa of rossenmuller
• other word for nasopharyngeal tonsils?

  adenoids
• subepithilial collection of lymphoid tissue?

  nasopharyngeal tonsils/adenoids
• abscess in nasopharyngeal bursa?

  thornwaldt's disease
• infected nasopharyngeal bursa?


  pharyngeal bursitis
• arises in rathke's pouch?

  carcinopharyngioma
• smuggler's fossa

  pyriform sinus
• pain reffered to in ear?

  carcinoma of pyriform sinus
• commonest site of pharyngeal carcinoma in females

  post cricoid region
• scan for thyroid carcinoma?

  • thyroid scan
  • uses radioactive injectible
• swelling of thyroid gland

  goiter
• goiter compresses?


  trachea and esophagus
• structure injured during thyroidectomy

  recurrent laryngeal nerve
• what is a common complication of thyroid surgery?

  damage of vocal cords
• bilateral vocal cord damage

  voice is almost absent
• unilateral vocal cord damage

  may not be noticed
• thyroid fails to descend during development

  lingual thyroid
• ectopic thyroid

  • failure to descend: superior cervical thyroid
• 80% of all thyroid malignancies

  papillary thyroid carcinoma (slow growing mass in the neck)
• papillary thyroid carcinoma diagnosis

  • FNAB: fine needle aspiration biopsy
• papillary thyroid carcinoma characteristics

  • orphan annie nuclei: cytoplasmic inclusions
  • pasmmoma bodies: calcified deposits
• 10% of thyroid carcinoma

  • follicular thyroid carcinoma
• usually in iodine deficient areas and solitary nodules?

  follicular thyroid carcinoma
• Arises from parafollicular cells/ c cells of thyroid ?

  medullary thyroid carcinoma

  • usually unilateral
• rare thyroid carcinoma; most aggresive,

  • anaplastic carcinoma
  • 6 month survival