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• Potential Environmental Risks of GMO

  • Risk in gene flow
  • Emergence of new forms of resistance and secondary pests and weeds problems
  • Recombination of Virus and Bacteria to produce New Pathogens
• Direct environmental risks of GMO

  • May cause disruption of the natural communities through competition or interference
  • The possibility of unexpected behavior of the GMO's in the environment if it escapes its intended use and may post threats or become pest
  • May cause harmful effects to ecosystem processes
  • May cause negative impacts to the consumer of GMO
• Indirect environmental risks of GMO

  • Alteration of agricultural practices
  • May have impacts to biodiversity
  • May have varied environmental impacts
• Potential Human Health Risks of GMO

  • Human Genome Project
  • Mutation of genetically engineered microorganisms
  • Cloning
• Inserting a gene for human insulin into an E.Coli bacterium


  The E. coli will make lots of insulin, which scientists and doctors can collect and use
• Doctors are using pig hearts for transplants but there are still rejection problems
• Scientists will be able to genetically engineer pigs to grow human organs for use in transplants
• Researchers at the Mayo Clinic created pigs with human blood flowing through their bodies
• An experiment might be done later this year to create mice with human brains
• The more human-like the animal, the better the research model it makes for testing drugs or possibly growing "spare parts," such as livers, to transplant into humans
• Cloning a cat


  The company that funded the first successful cloning of a domestic cat two years ago has gone commercial, at a cost of U.S. $50,000 each
• Researchers from China and France say they managed to create several rodent copies - both male and female
• The rat has come later than the others because of unique difficulties in controlling the development of its eggs in the early stages of the cloning process
• UK scientists have cloned the country's first human embryo
• South Korean scientists say they have created stem cells to match individuals for the first time
• Therapeutic cloning


  Allowed in Britain, believed to have huge potential to treat disease and disability
• Reproductive cloning


  The cloning of human embryos with the intention of creating a baby, made illegal in 2001
• Introduction of GMO in the Philippines created issues and controversies similar to other countries with GMOs
• Creation of the National Committee on Biosafety of the Philippines (NCBP) through Executive Order No. 430


  1990
• NCBP developed guidelines on the planned release of genetically manipulated organisms (GMOs) and potentially harmful exotic species

  1998
• Department of Agriculture released Administrative Order No. 8, the guidelines for the importation and release into the environment of GM plants and plant products

  2002
• The Philippines was marked to be the first country in Asia to approve commercial cultivation of GMOs when GM corn planting was approved in 2002
• DOST, DOA, DENR, DOH, and DILG, passed a Joint Department Circular No. 1 series of 2016 on rules and regulations for the research and development, handling and use, transboundary movement, release in the environment, and management of the GM plant and plant products derived from the use of modern biotechnology

  March 7, 2016
• This joint department circular paves way to issuance of new permits for planting and importing GM crops in the country