part 2

• Locations of quantitative genes on chromosomes are called: 

  Quantitative trait loci
• True or False:   A transgene is a genetic material that has been transferred naturally, or by a certain genetic engineering technique from one organism to another 


  True
• True or False:   Virulence genes are other genes on a plasmid that are not transferred but code for proteins that carry out the transfer  

  True
• RAPD is a: 


  PCR- based method
• Which of the following does NOT apply to transgenic animals?  

  models for chimeric animal disease only
• True or False:   Human gene therapy involves the direct transfer of genes into humans to treat diseases 

  true
• The set of DNAs generated by using random primers in a PCR reaction is called: 

  RAPD
• Which of the following does NOT apply to Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)? 

  currently expensive, slow and non-efficient
• True or False:   nonbenign polymorphisms are mutations useful for mapping and determining parentage 

  false
• All the statements are true regarding RFLP and RAPD except:  

  a.       RAPD is a quick method compared to RFLP 

  b.       RFLP is more reliable than RAPD 

  c.       Species specific primers are required for RAPD 

  d.       Radioactive probes are not required in RAPD 
• Usually involving a cytosine in CpG islands, this activity shuts down RNA transcription by adding methyl groups 

  Methylation
• True or False:   genomic imprinting is an enzymatic addition of methyl groups to specific nitrogen bases in a predicted pattern, which selectively inactivates gene expression 

  True
• DNA of eukaryotic organisms has several repeating units of short sequences called: 

  tandem repeats
• Which of the following refers to the sequestering of large regions of chromosome via protein binding and histone modification?  

  chromosome remodeling
• this term refers to having more than one of any autosomes and may result in infertility and abnormal apperance

  polyploidy
• the variation in number of tandem repeats between 2 or more individuals is called

  variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRS)
• This term refers to the gain or loss of any autosome, caused by erroneous separation of chromosomes during egg or sperm production.  


  aneuploidy
• These conditions result from fertilization of gametes containing an extra or missing a chromosome, respectively 

  autosomal trisomy/monosomy
• Simple sequence repeats are: 


  a.       1-6 bp long sequences distributed along the chromosomes 

  b.       Also called microsatellites 

  c.       Specific in number and position 

  d.       All of the above  
• Which of the following is associated with Turners syndrome?  

  Somatic monosomy XO
• True or False:   mosaicism refers to having genetically different cellular components arising from the same zygote, possibly arising from early segregation errors 

  true
• amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is a 


  all of the above:

  pcr-based method

  method to detect polymorphism in DNA throughout the genome

  method that detects the presence or absence of a fragment
• True or False:   chimerism refers to an individual having cells or tissulsees from the same, common in sex chromosomes. May be seen in cases of bone marrow transplants 

  false
• triploid refers to having 3 of each chromosome


  true
• the variant fragment that distinguishes one individual from another is

  marking fragment
• translocation refers to a structural altercation that involves the breakage and fusion of the same chromosome usually somatic and seen in cancer 


  False
• inversion refers to a structural altercation that involves an intrachromosomal breakage, reversal, and reunion of genetic reunion 


  true
• The virus-mediated gene transfer using genetically modified bacteriophage is called: 

  transduction
• deletion refers to a structural altercation that involves a loss of genetic material


  true
• To which of the following do these statements apply?  

  I: Transmission pattern where the disease will be present in people with one or both chromosomes mutated 

  II: affected individual + unaffected individual have 50-100% chance of having a child that expresses the disease phenotype 

  autosomal dominant
• the ability of cells to take up DNA fragments from its surrounding its called

  transformation
• autosomal recessive pattern refers to the largest category of transmission patterns. An example would be a result of inbreeding where both parents are heterozygous 


  true
• pedigree refers to the diagram of inheritance pattern of phenotype of family members 


  true
• Which of the following bacterium is considered as ‘natural genetic engineer’? 

  Agrobacterium tumefaciens 
• penetrance refers to the frequency of expression of disease phenotype in people with a gene lesion 


  true
• complete penetrance refers to when the expression of the disease in most persons with the gene 


  false
• The removal or replacement of tumor-causing genes from Ti plasmid is termed: 

  disarming
• Variable expressivity reflects the interaction of other gene products and the environment on the disease phenotype.  


  true
• Structural protein disorders resulting in a missense mutation are tested using which methods?  

  sequencing, PCR-RFLP
• Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a:  

  Gram negative soil bacterium causing crown gall in dicots