RDI

• Healthy diet


  A diet that provides adequate calories and all the essential nutrients to maintain nutritional status and provide for appropriate growth and development through lifespan
• Criteria of healthy diet

  • Adequacy
  • Balance
  • kCalorie (energy) control
  • Nutrient density
  • Moderation
  • Variety

  
• Adequacy


  A diet that provides sufficient energy and enough of all the nutrients to meet the needs of healthy people
• Balance


  Consuming enough—but not too much—of different types of foods in proportion to one another
• kCalorie (energy) control


  The amount of energy coming into the body from foods should balance with the amount of energy being used by the body to sustain its metabolic and physical activities
• Nutrient density


  A measure of the nutrients a food provides relative to the energy it provides. The more nutrients and the fewer kcalories, the higher the nutrient density
• Empty-kcalorie foods


  Foods that contribute energy but lack protein, vitamins, and minerals
• Calculate Nutrient density


  1. Divide milligrams of nutrient by kcalories

  2. The more milligrams per kcalorie, the greater the nutrient density
• Comparing nutrient density


  • 1 cup of milk provides 300 mg calcium, 1/2 cup of turnip greens provides 100 mg calcium
  • Milk offers 3 times as much calcium per serving, but turnip greens are more calcium dense (6.7 mg/kcal vs 3.5 mg/kcal)
• Moderation


  Providing enough but not too much of a substance
• Variety


  Eating a wide selection of foods within and among the major food groups
• Food Groups


  • Fruits
  • Vegetables
  • Grains
  • Protein foods
  • Milk and milk products
  • Oils
• Serving sizes


  Standardized quantity of a food that allows comparisons when reading food labels and consistency when following the Dietary Guidelines

  
• Serving Equivalents


  • Fruits, vegetables, milk measured in cups
  • Grains, protein foods measured in ounces
• Dietary reference intakes (DRI)


  A set of nutrient intake values for healthy people in the United States and Canada, used for planning and assessing diets

  
• DRI values


  • Estimated Average Requirements (EAR)
  • Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)
  • Adequate Intakes (AI)
  • Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)

  
• Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)


  The average daily amount of a nutrient that will maintain a specific biochemical or physiological function in half the healthy people of a given age and gender group
• Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

  The average daily amount of a nutrient considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy people; a goal for dietary intake by individuals

  
• Deficient


  Inadequate; a nutrient amount that fails to meet the body's needs and eventually results in deficiency symptoms
• Adequate Intake (AI)


  The average daily amount of a nutrient that appears sufficient to maintain a specified criterion; a value used as a guide for nutrient intake when an RDA cannot be determined

  
• Tolerable Upper intake Level (UL)


  The maximum daily amount of a nutrient that appears safe for most healthy people and beyond which there is an increased risk of adverse health effects

  
• Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)


  The average dietary energy intake that maintains energy balance and good health in a person of a given age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity
• Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)

  • 45 to 65 percent kcalories from carbohydrate
  • 20 to 35 percent kcalories from fat
  • 10 to 35 percent kcalories from protein
• People don't eat energy directly; they derive energy from foods containing carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
• Each of the three energy-yielding nutrients contributes to the total energy intake, and those contributions vary in relation to one another
• Estimates of adequate energy and nutrient intakes apply to healthy people and need to be adjusted for malnourished people or those with medical problems
• Nutrient recommendations are not minimum requirements, nor are they necessarily optimal intakes for all individuals

  
• Most nutrient goals are intended to be met through diets composed of a variety of foods whenever possible
• Excess intakes of vitamins and minerals are unlikely when they come from foods, but using dietary supplements raises the risks of toxicity
• Recommendations apply to average daily intakes, not every day

  
• The EAR are most appropriately used to develop and evaluate nutrition programs for groups, while the RDA (or AI) can be used to set goals for individuals
• The UL serve as a reminder to keep nutrient intakes less than amounts that increase the risk of toxicity
• Many countries use the dietary recommendations developed by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) and WHO (World Health Organization)
• Dietary guidelines for American (Assignment)