changing places

• 4 functions of a place are?

  • administrative - providing public services like schools
  • commercial - providing profitable services
  • industrial - manufacturing and distributing goods
  • retail - selling goods to public through shops and markets

  a place is most likely to have a combination of all functions. a places dominant function will most likely change over time, for example, Liverpool saw decline in industry through its docks and a rise in retail and commercial#
• 3 demographic characteristics are?

  • gentrification
  • age structure - younger populations in economic developing places
  • ethnic composition - commonwealth brought high ethnic backgrounds to fill labour shortage

  Lerwick 96.8% white in 2011 census

  Liverpool 88.9% white in 2011 census
• 5 reasons why places change over time?

  • physical factors - physical geography changes and expanding places run out of space e.g. UK coastal recession Happisburgh, Norfolk = fishing industry diminishing
  • historical development - loss of industries changes how people make a living (Totnes transition town)
  • accessibility - greater accessibility = businesses attract skilled workforce
  • connectedness - high 5G mobile networks connections
  • local and national planning - depends on authorities and development funds (HS2 national planning)
• changes to a place can be measured using Index of Multiple Deprivation, the 7 criteria within is usually:

  • education
  • health
  • crime
  • employment
  • income
  • barriers to housing and services - physical and financial accessibility a person has to housing
  • living environment
• 3 other ways changes to a place can be measured?

  • employment deprivation in each sector on Clarke Fisher Model
  • house prices and quality of living environment
  • amount of abandoned and derelict land