Human Insulin in Bacteria

• Isolation of the DNA making up a human gene using restriction enzymes, forming sticky ends
• Cutting of bacterial plasmid DNA with the same restriction enzymes, forming complementary sticky ends
• Insertion of human DNA into bacterial plasmid DNA using DNA ligase to form a recombinant plasmid – insertion of plasmid into bacteria
• Replication of bacteria containing recombinant plasmids which make human protein as they express the gene