Physics Paper 1

• energy stores: GEEKS LNCH
• energy stores:

  • gravitational potential energy
  • elastic potential energy
  • kinetic energy
  • Sound energy
  • Light energy
  • Nuclear energy
  • Chemical energy
  • heat (thermal) energy
• The law of conservation of energy


  Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transformed into another store of energy
• gravitational field strength


  9.8 N/kg
• wasted energy is any energy which comes out of a situation that we didn’t intend for it to be in
• wasted energy dissipates into the surroundings
• we can detect heat with an infrared camera
• houses can be built/adapted to be energy efficient by:

  • double glazing
  • Cavity wall insulation
  • Drought excluder
  • Curtains
  • Carpet
  • loft insulation
• renewable energy will not run out
• non-renewable energy will run out
• sources of renewable energy:

  • Solar
  • Wind
  • Water
  • Geothermal
• sources of non-renewable energy:

  • fossil fules
  • nuclear
• charge is the value for electricity flowing in a circuit
• current is the flow of electrons
• potential difference pushes current around
• resistance slows down current
• charge is measured in columbs
• current is measured in amps
• resistance is measured in ohms
• resistor is a straight line graph
• filament bulb graph is a straght line with wonky ends
• diode graph is like a hockey stick
• thermistors are used in central heating
• thermistor only lets current flow at certain temperatures
• LDR is used for street lights
• resistance in a series circuit is R1 + R2
• resistance in a parallel circuit is 1/R1 + 1/R2
• Uk mains electricity is 230 V
• UK mains electricity is 50 Hz
• live wire is brown
• earth wire is green and yellow
• neutral wire is blue
• power station > step up transformer > pylons > step down transformer > houses
• step up transformer has more coils
• step down transformer has less coils
• step up transformer goes from low voltage to high voltage
• step down transformer goes from high voltage to low voltage
• density is mass in a set volume
• specific heat capacity is how much energy is needed to raise 1kg of a substance by 1•c
• specific latent heat is how much energy is needed to change a substance from a solid to a liquid at the melting point