Metabolism

    Cards (26)

    • ATP
      Adenosine triphosphate, the main energy currency of the cell
    • Metabolism 1
    • Cellular Biology with Biochemistry and Microbiology
    • Dr Daniel Kelly
    • Please sit in the front half of the lecture theatre....I will come and move you!
    • Metabolism 1
      Understand the fate of glucose and how this is dependent upon energy status
    • Metabolism 1
      1. Describe the role of glycolysis in glucose metabolism and cellular energy production
      2. Highlight the principle stages of glycolysis and the regulatory checkpoints
      3. Describe gluconeogenesis and how it is not just a reversal of glycolysis
    • Key molecules
      • Protein
      • Amino Acids
      • Carbohydrates
      • Glucose
      • Fat
      • Fatty Acids
      • ATP
      • Glycolysis
      • β-oxidation
      • Amino Acid Metabolism
    • Glucose
      The fate of glucose is dependent upon cellular energy status
    • Glucose metabolism
      • GLUT
      • Glucose
      • Glucose-6-P
      • Glycogen
      • Glycogen synthase
      • Glycolysis
      • G6P Dehydrogenase
      • 6-P-Gluconolactone
      • 6-P-Gluconate
      • Ribolose-5P
      • Nucleotide synthesis
      • Pentose Phosphate Shunt
      • Mitochondria
      • Glycogenesis
      • Fatty acid synthesis
      • Pyruvate
    • Glycolysis steps
      • Glucose 6-phosphate
      • Fructose 6-phosphate
      • Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate
      • Glyceradehyde 3-phosphate (GAP)
      • Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
      • 1, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate
      • 3-Phosphoglycerate
      • 2-Phosphoglycerate
      • Phosphoenolpyruvate
      • Pyruvate
    • Glycolysis enzymes
      • Hexokinase
      • Phosphoglucose isomerase
      • Phosphofructokinase
      • Aldose
      • Triose phosphate isomerase
      • Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      • Phosphoglycerate kinase
      • Phosphoglycerate mutase
      • Enolase
      • Pyruvate kinase
    • Isomerisation
      The process by which one molecule is transformed into another molecule which has exactly the same atoms, but the atoms have a different arrangement
    • Glycolysis stages
      1. Investment
      2. Cleavage
      3. Energy Harvest
    • Glycolysis produces a net of 2 ATP
    • Mutase
      An enzyme of the isomerase class that catalyzes the shifting of a functional group from one position to another within the same molecule
    • Glycolysis has 10 steps
    • Regulation in glycolysis
      Regulation occurs at the most important control site in mammalian glycolysis, which is regulated by AMP and pH. Why AMP and not ADP?
    • Some ATP is salvaged from ADP in glycolysis
    • Product level inhibition
      Occurs in glycolysis
    • Pyruvate metabolism
      1. Pyruvate dehydrogenase converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA
      2. Lactate dehydrogenase converts pyruvate to lactate
    • Gluconeogenesis
      Converts pyruvate to glucose, but is not just a reversal of glycolysis
    • Gluconeogenesis only occurs in hepatic cells (and to a lesser extent kidney)
    • Gluconeogenesis steps
      1. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
      2. Pyruvate to malate to oxaloacetate
      3. Pyruvate carboxylase
      4. Malate dehydrogenase
    • 6 nucleotide triphosphates are needed to convert pyruvate to glucose in gluconeogenesis
    • Allosteric enzyme regulation allows reciprocal regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
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