Ciliates

• Under what phylum are ciliates?

  Ciliophora
• Under what class are ciliates?

  Kinetofragminophorea
• What is the only species under phylum ciliophora?

  Balantidium coli
• Balantidium coli is a LARGE CILIATED PROTOZOAN
• Balantidium coli is associated with what?

  Swine or pigs
• What type of host Balantidium coli are the swines?

  Reservoir
• Balantidium coli is firstly called as what?

  Paramecium coli
• What year was Balantidium coli referred to as Paramecium coli?

  1857
• What is the LARGEST PROTOZOAN PARASITE affecting humans?

  Balantidium coli
• Balantidium coli is the only what known to cause human disease?

  ciliate
• Balantidium coli causes what?

  Balantidiasis, balantidiosis, or balantidial dysentery
• Describe the motility of B. coli trophozoites?

  boring and rotary
• how many nuclei do B. coli has?

  2
• What are the 2 nuclei found in both cyst and trophozoites of B. coli?

  Macronucleus and micronucleus
• Kidney-shaped: macronucleus
• small spherical: micromolecules
• What is the shape of B.coli trophozoite?

  ovoid or sac-shaped like little bag
• Label the following:

  A) Cytostome

  B) vacuole

  C) Micronucleus

  D) cilia

  E) macronucleus

  F) ingested microbes

  
• What is this?

  Balantidium coli trophozoite

  
• What is this?

  Balantidium coli trophozoite

  
• Label the following:

  A) cilia

  B) cyst wall

  C) macronucleus

  D) micronucleus

  E) contractile vacuole

  
• What is this?

  Balantidium coli cyst

  
• What is this?

  Balantidium coli cyst

  
• The life cycle of B. coli is similar to what?

  Entamoeba histolytica
• What is the MOT of B. coli?

  Ingestion of contaminated food and water infected with B. coli cysts
• What is the target organ of B. coli?

  Large intestine
• What is the infective stage of B.coli?

  Cyst
• What is the diagnostic stage of B.coli?

  Cyst
• What are the 3 clinical forms of B. coli?

  Asymptomatic carrier state, fulminant balantidiasis or balantidial dysentery, and chronic infection
• What clinical form has no diarrhea or dysentery?

  Asymptomatic carrier state
• Fulminant balantidiasis has now diarrhea with what?

  blood and mucus
• Fulminant balantidiasis or balantidial dysentery is indistinguishable from what?

  amebic dysentery
• How many episodes of diarrhea happens in fulminant balantidiasis or balantidial dysentery?

  6-15
• Chronic infection clinical form shows diarrhea with what?

  alternating constipation
• Balantidiasis causes what on the mucosa and submucosa of the large intestine?

  abscesses and ulcers
• Abscesses and ulcers can cause what?

  secondary bacterial infection
• What is the specimen of choice of B.coli?

  stool
• what are the other specimens used?

  biopsy specimen and bronchoalveolar washings
• biopsy specimens are for what?

  lesions
• bronchoalveolar washings are for what?

  pulmonary infection