Revision for History AP

• Roman Britain


  The Romans first conquered the British Isles in 47 AD and named their new province Britannia
• Changes introduced by Romans in Britain

  • Building new roads to improve transportation
  • Introducing Latin as the language of government
  • Building new towns on a grid system
  • Defended by Roman soldiers
  • Technologically advanced features like early forms of central heating
• During Roman rule the population of Britannia changed from being mainly polytheistic, to becoming monotheistic by 380 AD when Christianity was declared the official religion of the Roman Empire
• By the 5th century, due to advancing tribes from Central Asia, the Roman armies had to defend the frontier of their Empire and left Britannia in 410 AD
• Anglo Saxons


  New tribes that began migrating to Britain during the fifth century after the Romans left
• Anglo Saxon Kingdoms


  • Wessex
  • Mercia
  • Northumbria
  • Kent
  • East Anglia
• Monasteries


  Where monks would read, write and follow the Rules of St. Benedict that ensured they lived by the rules of chastity, obedience and poverty
• Quraysh


  Corrupt tribe that ruled over Mecca
• Hijrah


  Journey from Mecca to Medina where Muhammed took his followers to start a new community for Muslims
• Caliph and Caliphate


  Chief Muslim political and religious rulers, and the Muslim Empire they ruled over
• The Muslim armies were particularly successful in conquering areas of land that had been weakened by fighting previous conflicts
• Raid


  Suddenly attack towns and villages and demand tribute (money or hostages)
• The Anglo-Saxons convinced the Vikings to leave England by offering them silver coins
• King Alfred the Great


  Defeated the Vikings in the Battle of Eddington in 878 AD
• King Cnut


  Danish King who conquered England in 1016 AD
• Claimants to the English throne in 1066

  • Edgar Aetheling
  • Harald Hadrada
  • Harold Godwinson
  • William of Normandy
• William the Conqueror became King of England after winning the Battle of Hastings
• Ways William the Conqueror consolidated his power

  • Introduced the feudal system
  • Built motte-and-bailey castles
  • Created the Domesday Book
  • Used terror to deal with rebellions, such as the Harrying of the North in 1069 AD
• The Anarchy


  England's first civil war, where Stephen and Matilda fought over the throne for 18 years
• Henry II had Thomas Becket murdered because Becket refused to agree to Henry's Constitutions of Clarendon
• Scutage and tallage


  Unpopular taxes raised by King John
• Magna Carta


  A list of 63 promises that reduced the King's power, which the barons forced King John to sign in 1215
• Simon De Montfort led the barons in a rebellion against King Henry III, resulting in them taking his power in the First Parliament of 1265
• Model Parliament


  Held by Edward I in 1295, where representatives from every shire were present, including Knights and townspeople
• Over the course of the 13th century, the power of the King declined as the way in which the country was governed changed dramatically