Paper 2

• what is sportsmanship


  Being socially etiquette respectful and playing within the e rules of the sport.
• Why is sportsmanship important?

  It is respectful and makes the game more enjoyable.
• what are some examples of sportsmanship

  -shaking hands after a game or before a game

  -having respectful reactions whether you win or loose

  -following the rules

  -accepting officials decisions
• what is an example of sportsmanship in football

  kicking the ball out of play so an injured player can get treatment
• what are some examples of poor sportsmanship

  -Luis Suarez Handball, he was determined to win so by handballing the ball would mean that the opposing team would have won it as they were about to score a goal, this disrupted the game and their flow,meaning he could win-Tony Bellew's Big Fight,the media hyped up the match so much and there was a lot amount of money available to win that he showed little sportsmanship to his opponent.-Gerrard's stamp,in his last game, with all the adrenaline and want of winning he tackled within the first 38seconds and got sent off.
• why has there been a decline in sportsmanship

  -there is now a larger emphasis on winning

  -the media hype up events and rivalries encouraging the players to do all to beat them

  -there are increased monetary rewards for doing well (sponsorship, wages)

  
• What is gamesmanship?


  Gaining an advantage within the rules of the sport.
• what are some examples of gamesmanship

  -faking an injury to waste time during the end of a match

  -taking injury time when the opposing player has good momentum

  -sledging- trash-talking other players to cause them to make mistakes

  -grabbing and holding a player to prevent boxing and recovery

  
• gamesmanship or sportsmanship: shaking hands before a match

  sportsmanship
• gamesmanship or sportsmanship: pretending to be injured at the end of the game

  gamesmanship
• gamesmanship or sportsmanship: taking longer than usual to leave the pitch when being subbed at the end of a game


  gamesmanship
• gamesmanship or sportsmanship: apologising to an opponent when the shuttle hits the net and goes over

  sportsmanship
• gamesmanship or sportsmanship: kicking a ball out of play so it takes longer to get

  gamesmanship
• gamesmanship or sportsmanship: letting faster players go infront of you in golf if you are slowing them down

  sportsmanship
• what are the effects of sportsmanship

  -causes them to be admired by spectators

  -strengthen the reputation of the sport

  -gives a good example to young athletes as they are role models

  -causes them to be admired by other players encouraging fair play
• what are the effects of gamesmanship

  -irritates players which can lead to them retaliating e.g fights

  -gives a bad example to young people

  -undermines officials

  -gives the sport a bad reputation

  -irritates spectators

  -creates a hostile environment
• what is deviance


  Gaining an unfair advantage using methods against the rules of the sport.

  
• what is deviance in sport

  this is when a player, spectator or anyone involved in a sport behaves in a way that intentionally breaks the rules or goes against the ethics of the sport. It is deliberate and can bedangerous (yourself or someone else can get hurt which is why the rules are in place)some examples include cheating, violence and drug abuse.
• why might some sport people want to commit deviance in sport

  -athletes wanting to win so willing to take the risk if it helps them

  -athletes have low morals so they are happy to hurt others or cheat to win

  -athletes wanting to earn more money

  -the punishments from the governing bodies (Football association etc) may not punish deviance as harshly so athletes feel it is worth the risk
• what are PED's


  performance enhancing drugs

  
• why might athletes take PED's

  -pressure to win

  -desire to win at all costs

  -lack of moral boundaries, they do not think that it is wrong

  -might not be good enough naturally

  -more success, media attention and sponsorships

  -influenced by others/ coaches
• what are anabolic steroids


  anabolic steroids are drugs that mimic certain natural hormones in the body that control how the body works and develops e.g testosterone

  
• how does anabolic steroids effect performance

  -increase muscle growth and increase strength

  -repair muscles quickly after training

  -allow to train harder for longer without getting tired
• what are some side effects of anabolic steroids

  -increased aggression

  -liver and heart damage

  -females develop male features
• what athletes may use anabolic steroids

  -a shotputter may take anabolic steroids to increase their strength which would allow them to have more power in the throw allowing the ball to go further

  -a sprinter might take anabolic steroids to increase their power and force against the ground

  -weightlifters might take it to increase their strength so that they can lift more weight
• what are beta blockers


  beta blockers are drugs that control the heart rate by using hormones such as adrenaline
• what effects can beta blockers have on performance

  -slows down the heart rate can have a calming effect and relaxation which is better for performance

  -slows down adrenaline production

  -can help as it can be used to benefit the performance in events that need a steady hand or fine motor skills/ control

  -helps sports that need a quick reaction time
• what side effects can beta blockers have

  -heart problems as it can reduce the heart rate to dangerous levels

  -low blood pressure

  -weakness and nausea
• which athletes might take beta blockers

  -golfers may take them as it lowers adrenaline levels to drop which means that they can become calmer and be able to focus more on their shot giving them a higher chance of getting the ball

  -archery

  -snooker
• what are stimulants


  stimulants are drugs that stimulate the body physically and mentally. E.g caffeine, nicotine and cocaine
• what effects do stimulants have on performance

  -increase alertness

  -reduce tiredness

  -increase endurance
• what are some side effects does stimulants

  -raise blood pressure

  -very addictive

  -can cause heart failure
• which athletes may take stimulants

  -sprinters- quick reaction time off the block

  -boxing- dodging a punch

  -cycling- start line, reaction to and keeping up with the breakaway
• a sprinter uses a PED which one might they have used

  anabolic steroids

  -they will increase his strength and power allowing him to win more races as he can run faster
• a shooter used PED's which one might he have done

  beta blockers

  -calmed down, reduced heart rate and increased focus on target
• another sprinter used PED's which one might they have used

  stimulants

  -improve reaction times to get a better start at the race
• what are some advantages of PED's

  -increased chance of success in performance

  -increase the chance of fame and wealth
• what are some disadvantages of PED's

  -many health risks

  -cheating + immoral may feel bad

  -fines and bans for those who are caught

  -damaged reputation
• what problems do drugs in sport presents

  -the sport to gain a poor reputation

  -the sport may become known for cheating putting off future athletes

  -the sport loses credibility- athletes may use beliefs from the officials, other players and spectators
• what is violence

  behaviour involving physical force intended to hurt, damage or kill someone