CONW

• Globalization


  The expansion and intensification of the social relations and consciousness across the world time and across world – space
• Globalization is a very important change, if not, the most important
• Globalization


  The process of world shrinkage, of distance getting shorter, things moving closer; it pertains to the increasing ease with which somebody on one side of the world interact, to mutual benefit with somebody on the other side of the world
• Globalization was once regarded as colonization
• Types of globalization


  • Economic globalization
  • Social globalization
  • Political globalization
• Economic globalization

  Interconnectedness of economies through trade and exchange of resources. It also refers to the widespread international movements of goods, services, capital, technology and information
• Economic globalization


  • Using cooking oil from South Korea for Carbonara
  • Parts of a Toyota car produced in several different countries
• Social globalization


  Pertains to human interaction within cultural communities, encompassing topics like family, religion, work and education. It is a global interconnectedness between the people. It is also a measure of how easily information and ideas pass before people in their own country and between different countries
• Social globalization


  • Internationally popular films, books and TV series like Harry Potter and Twilight
• Political globalization


  Refers to the amount of political co-operation that exist between different countries. It also refers to the organization of different countries into trade blocs
• Political globalization refers to the growth of the worldwide political system, both in size and complexity
• This course introduces students to the contemporary world by examining the multifaceted phenomenon of globalization
• The course provides an overview of the various debates in global governance, development and sustainability
• The course seeks to inculcate a sense of global citizenship and global ethical responsibility
• Globalization


  The interconnectedness between people globally, including the ease of information and idea sharing across countries (e.g. access to internet and social media)
• Good examples of social globalization


  • Internationally popular films, books and TV series like Harry Potter and Twilight
• Cultural flow tends to be from developed countries like the USA to less developed countries
• Political Globalization


  The amount of political cooperation between different countries, including the growth of international organizations like the UN and WHO
• Studying globalization helps us understand the contemporary international political economy, our involvement with the environment and society, and how we are connected to and separated from the world
• Broad and inclusive definition of globalization

  Globalization means the onset of the borderless world, overcoming traditional boundaries
• Broad and inclusive globalization


  • Provides equal opportunities, secured opportunities, growth and development for countries, reshaping of government institutions
  • Requires reorganization of economic and social processes, potential to neglect a country's own people and policies
• Narrow and exclusive definition of globalization

  Focuses on the characteristics of globalization like internationalization of production, new international division of labor, new migratory movements, new competitive environment
• Narrow and exclusive globalization

  • Focuses on development of the country, enhancement of domestic policies, supported by people, gives importance to people and cultures
  • Results in trade wars with other countries, limited perspective, fails to establish connections with other countries
• Nature of Globalization


  • Liberalization
  • Free trade/free market
  • Globalization of economic activity (international trade, production, investment, workforce)
  • Liberalization of import-export system
  • Privatization
  • Increased collaborations
  • Economic reforms
• Anti-globalists see globalization as promoting a corporatist agenda that constricts individual freedoms for profit, and imposes unsustainable debt-based economics
• Pro-globalists argue that free trade leads to more efficient resource allocation and benefits all involved through lower prices, more employment, and better resource allocation
• The Philippines has been part of the globalization process since joining the WTO in 1995, allowing major changes like more labor and emergence of Filipino and foreign companies to help develop the economy
• Globalization can benefit the Philippines by advancing its economy through global trade and foreign investment, reducing poverty and increasing job opportunities, but the poverty level is still increasing and many Filipinos seek better opportunities overseas
• Education is seen as the most effective factor in the Philippines for providing opportunities for a better life in the future
• Globalization is a controversial issue, with proponents arguing it brings greater economic efficiency and prosperity, while critics argue it largely benefits the already rich and exploits workers, children, farmers, and the environment
• Merits of Globalization


  • Promotes peaceful relations between countries
  • Generates employment opportunities
• Globalization brings


  Greater economic efficiency that will eventually result in prosperity for the world
• Critics think that globalization

  Will largely benefit those who are already rich, leaving most of the world poorer than before
• Economic globalization is generally applauded by corporate leaders and economics
• Opposition to economic globalization is widespread in the labor and environmental movements for it has promoted exploitation of workers, children, farmers, and the environment
• Merits of globalization


  • Peaceful relations
  • Employment
  • Education
  • Product quality
  • Cheaper prices
  • Communication
  • Transportation
  • GDP increase
  • Free trade
  • Travel and tourism
  • External borrowing
• Peaceful relations


  Most countries have resorted to trade relations with each other to boost their economy, leaving behind any bitter past experiences
• Employment


  Globalization has led to the generation of numerous employment opportunities as companies move to developing countries to acquire labor force
• Education


  Globalization has aided the spread of education, allowing people to move out from their home country for better opportunities elsewhere
• Product quality


  Has been enhanced to retain customers, as low or poor quality can adversely affect customer satisfaction