BODY ORGS LEC P2

• Anatomy


  The study of the structure and shape of the body
• Physiology


  The study of how the body and its parts, how they work or function
• Levels of Organization


  • Organismal
  • Organ System
  • Organ
  • Tissue
  • Cellular
  • Chemical (Atoms, molecules)
• There are six levels of organization
• Organ Systems


  • Integumentary
  • Skeletal
  • Muscular
  • Nervous
  • Circulatory
  • Digestive
  • Endocrine
  • Excretory
  • Lymphatic
  • Reproductive
  • Respiratory
• Integumentary System


  • Largest organ in the body (Skin)
  • Helps protect your organs from outside damage, helps with temperature regulation and helps prevent water loss
• Skeletal System


  • Supports and protects
  • Produces blood cells from bone marrow
  • 206 bones as an adult, more at birth due to fusing
• Muscular System


  • Can attach to
  • Types of muscle can include Cardiac (Heart) & Smooth (Lines esophagus)
• Nervous System


  • Controls voluntary and involuntary actions
  • Coordinates things in the body, e.g. Brain and spinal cord
• Circulatory System


  • Blood transports nutrients and gases (e.g. Oxygen)
  • Helps remove CO2
  • Heart is the pumping machine that transports blood around the body
  • Arteries carry blood away from the heart, Veins carry blood back to the heart, Capillaries are tiny blood vessels
• Digestive System


  • Breaks down and absorbs food for nutrients
  • Starts in the mouth and enzymes in the body's saliva break down food
  • Stomach contains acid, Small intestine absorbs most of the nutrients, Large intestine absorbs a lot of water
• Endocrine System


  • Glands that secrete hormones
• Excretory System


  • Excreting wastes like urine and sweat
  • Kidneys remove waste from the blood
• Lymphatic System


  • Lymph nodes swell during some illnesses
  • Lymph is the clear liquid from blood plasma
• Reproductive System


  • Allows us to reproduce
• Respiratory System


  • Intake of oxygen, Exhaling CO2
• Homeostasis


  • Ensures that the body's internal environment remains constant despite changes inside and outside the body
  • Homeostasis imbalance results in disease and in extreme cases death
  • Homeostasis is a dynamic state of equilibrium
• Parts of a Feedback Loop

  • Controlled condition
  • Stimulus
  • Monitor
  • Control Center
  • Effector
  • Response
• Anterior/Ventral Body Cavities


  • Thoracic
  • Pleural (Lungs, Serous membrane, pleura)
  • Pericardial (Heart, Serous membrane, pericardium)
  • Mediastinum
  • Abdominopelvic
  • Abdominal
  • Pelvic
• Posterior/Dorsal Body Cavities


  • Cranial (Brain)
  • Vertebral (Spinal Cord)
  • Serous Membrane Meninges
• Body Regions


  • Right Hypogastric Region/Epigastric Region/ Left Hypogastric Region
  • Right Lumbar Region/ Umbilical Region/ Left lumbar Region
  • Right iliac Region/Hypogastric Region/ Left iliac region
• Body Quadrants


  • Right upper quadrant
  • Left lower quadrant
  • Right lower quadrant
  • Left lower quadrant
• Anatomical Terms


  • Sagittal- Left and right halves
  • Frontal - Front and back
  • Transverse - Up and down halves
  • Oblique - across