Statistics

• Inferential Statistics - involves mathematical procedures that allow psychologists to make inferences about data. eg. how reliable data is
• Acceptance rate in psychology:

  • equivalent of 5% or less of chance
• Choosing a statistical test: The 3D's

  • Step 1 - type of experimental design eg. independent group design
  • Step 2 - level of measurement (data)
  • Step 3 - test of different relationship
• Step 2 - levels of measurements

  • Nominal - data divided into groups
  • Ordinal - data divided into ranked orders
  • Interval - ranked into equal intervals
  • Ratio - data can only go to an absolute 0, no negatives
• Type I error - when a researcher rejects a null hypothesis when it is actually true
• Type II error - when a researcher accepts a null hypothesis that is not true
• Inferential Statistics Table:

  A) Chi Squared

  B) Sign Test

  C) Chi Squared

  D) Mann Whitney

  E) Wilcoxon

  F) Spearman's Rho

  G) Unrelated t Test

  H) Related t Test

  I) Pearson's R

  
• Inferential Statisitcs Table:

  A) Unrelated Design (Independent Groups)

  B) Related Design ( Matched Pairs + Repeated Measures)

  C) Test of Correlation

  D) Nominal

  E) Ordinal

  F) Interval

  G) Chi Squared

  H) Sign Test

  I) Chi Squared

  J) Mann Whitney

  K) Wilcoxon

  L) Spearman's Rho

  M) Unrelated T Test

  N) Related T Test

  O) Pearson's R

  
• Explain what is meant by ‘significant at p<0.05’:

  • there is less than 5% likelihood (probability) that the difference was due to chance
• Content analysis - is a type of observational technique that systematically quantifies and analyses certain words, or concepts within texts

  • Familarise data
  • create categories
  • tally occurrences and try find patterns