Citesss

• CITES


  Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
• CITES was signed Internationally

  3 March 1973
• CITES entered into force

  1 July 1975
• CITES has been in operation for more than 40 years
• CITES


  • Trade crosses borders between countries and so the effort to regulate it requires international cooperation to safeguard certain species from over-exploitation
  • CITES was conceived in the spirit of such cooperation
• CITES


  An international convention that combines wildlife and trade themes with a legally binding instrument for achieving conservation and sustainable use objectives
• CITES' aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival
• CITES regulates trade through

  • Regulated trade (effective and consistent)
  • Science-based decisions
  • Co-operation at multiple levels - both producer and consumer countries have responsibility for conserving and managing resources
  • Conservation results
  • Sustainable use of wildlife
  • Towards a 'green' certification?
• The Convention establishes an international legal framework together with common procedural mechanisms for: the strictest control of international commercial trade in species threatened with extinction, and for an effective regulation of international trade in others
• This framework and common procedural mechanism are now used by 181 countries to regulate and monitor international trade in listed species
• Parties


  Member States that adhere voluntarily, although CITES is legally binding on the Parties - it does not take the place of national laws but provides a framework to be respected by each Party, which has to adopt its own domestic legislation to ensure that CITES is implemented at the national level
• The text of the Convention outlines the basic provisions for

  • Trade procedures and requirements
  • Enforcement measures
  • Trade facilitation
  • Exemptions and special procedures
  • Marking
  • Confiscations
  • Reporting
  • Trade with non-Parties
  • Amendment of the Appendices
• Communication tools


  • Resolutions (guide the interpretation and implementation of the Convention)
  • Decisions (provide specific short-term time-bound instructions)
  • Notifications (announcements - for example of forthcoming meetings, details on Parties' legislation, advice on the interpretation or implementation of the Convention, etc.)
• CITES signed by the Philippines

  18 August 1981
• CITES came into force in the Philippines

  16 November 1981
• Species jurisdiction of the management authorities in the Philippines

  • BUREAU OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC RESOURCES (BFAR): All aquatic organisms except turtles and Dugong
  • PROTECTED AREAS AND WILDLIFE BUREAU (PAWB): All terrestrial & wetland organisms, including turtles and dugong
  • PALAWAN COUNCIL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (PCSD): All terrestrial, wetland and aquatic organisms in the Province of Palawan
• CITES implementation in the Philippines

  • MANAGEMENT AUTHORITIES: BUREAU OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC RESOURCES (BFAR), PROTECTED AREAS AND WILDLIFE BUREAU (PAWB)
  • SCIENTIFIC AUTHORITIES: NFRDI, ERDB, UPLB IBS, PHIL. NATL. MUSEUM, UPMSI, UP VISAYAS, SILLIMAN U, PHIL. NATL. MUSEUM
• BFAR CITES Organizational Structure

  • BFAR DIRECTOR
  • FQWRS/FRQD
  • COOPERATING AGENCIES: DTI, DOT, BoC, PNP, AFP, PCG, AIRLINES, RIs, LGUs, NGOs
  • LEGAL DIV.
  • FMRED
  • FIQS
  • OSEDC
  • NFRDI
  • DOJ
  • IFAD
• CITES Appendices


  • Appendix I: species threatened with extinction. International trade permitted only in exceptional circumstances.
  • Appendix II: species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but where international trade must (a) be controlled in order to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival and (b) be legally sourced.
  • Appendix III: at request of individual countries in order to gain assistance from other CITES Parties in controlling the trade.
• CITES regulates the trade in listed species through a system of permits and certificates, which may only be issued if certain conditions are met and which must be presented when leaving or entering a country
• For Appendix I and II species, the most important conditions are legal acquisition and that international trade must not be detrimental to their survival in the wild
• Appendix I species


  • 630 animal species and 301 plant species
• Cetaceans (whales)


  • Minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata
• Arowanas


  • Scleropages formosus (Asian arowana) - Appendix I
  • Arapaima gigas (Arapaima, pirarucu) - Appendix II
  • Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (Silver arowana) - Non-CITES
  • Osteoglossum ferrerai (Black arowana) - Non-CITES
  • Scleropages leichardti (Spotted bonytongue) - Non-CITES
  • Scleropages jardini (Australian bonytongue) - Non-CITES
  • Heterotis niloticus (African arowana) - Non-CITES
• Corals


  • Helioporidae spp. (blue corals) - Appendix II
  • Scleractinia spp. (stony corals) - Appendix II
  • Tubiporidae spp. (organ-pipe corals) - Appendix II
  • Milleporidae spp. (fire corals) - Appendix II
  • Stylasteridae spp. (lace corals) - Appendix II
  • Antipatharia species
  • Corallium elatius (red coral) - Appendix III (China)
  • Corallium japonicum (red corals) - Appendix III (China)
  • Corallium konjoi (red corals) - Appendix III (China)
  • Corralium secundum (red corals) - Appendix III (China)
• Seahorses


  • Hippocampus spp. (CITES Appendix II)
• Arapaima


  • Arapaima gigas - Native to South America (Brazil, Peru, Guyana), can grow up to 4 meters (9 ft.), weight around 250 kgs. - CITES Appendix II
• Humphead Wrasse (Mameng)


  • Cheilinus undulatus (CITES Appendix II)
• Tridacna shells (Taklobo)


  • Tridacna gigas (CITES Appendix II)
  • Tridacna crocea (CITES Appendix II)
• Elasmobranch (Sharks)


  • Whaleshark, Rhincodon typus (CITES Appendix II)
  • Great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias (CITES Appendix II)
• Tubiporidae spp. (organ-pipe corals)

  • Appendix II
• Milleporidae spp. (fire corals)


  • Appendix II
• Stylasteridae spp. (lace corals)

  • Appendix II
• Corallium elatius (red coral)

  • Appendix III (China)
• Corallium japonicum (red corals)

  • Appendix III (China)
• Corallium konjoi (red corals)

  • Appendix III (China)
• Corralium secundum (red corals)

  • Appendix III (China)
• All sea horse species have recently been added to Appendix II due to their vulnerability
• Seahorses


  Hippocampus spp. (CITES Appendix II)
• Seahorses


  • Dried seahorses