PMTP

• Medical Technology


  Innovation, Advances, Diagnosis
• Medical Technologists


  Perform complex and intricate activities and studying them to know how they will treat certain diseases
• Spirometer


  Spiro - To breathe, Meter - To measure, Provides diagnostic information to assess a patient's lung function, Measuring the vital capacity of the lungs
• Sphygmomanometer


  An instrument which renders the action of the arteries apparent to the eye, Measuring blood pressure
• Hippocrates

  300 B.C. → 180 A.D., Father of Medicine, Author of Hippocratic Oath, Hippocratic Assessment of Disorder, Instigated a rudimentary and qualitative assessment through measurement of body fluids (also called as the four humors), Increased the quality of patient life, Examinations - Tasting of urine, Listening to the lung, Indication of chronic illness and kidney diseases - Bubbles in urine, Blood in urine, Pus in urine
• Galen


  He described diabetes as "diarrhea of urine", Established the relationship between fluid intake and urine volume, In Medieval Europe, uroscopy or water casting was widely practiced
• Technology


  • Mechanical and chemical devices were slowly introduced, General practice to specialization, Discovering of more complex machines that requires technical expertise
• In early years, treating a disease is considered mystery
• Believed that disease is caused by a negative interaction between the environment and the body
• Significant personalities were also recognized for having a significant contribution in the field of medicine
• Early documented works were identified to contribute to the advancement of medicine and medical technology due to high mortality incidence caused by plagues and diseases
• 11th century, not allowed to conduct physical exam
• 18th century, mechanical techniques and cadaver dissection (autopsy) were used to understand the inside of the body
• 19th century, physicians began using machines for diagnosis or therapeutic
• Increased patients will require increase number of tests that prompted the need of medical professionals

  Technology allows the physician to examine the patients with diagnostic accuracy instead of subjective description of symptoms only
• Stethoscope


  1816, Rene Laennec, Information about lungs and heartbeats
• Microscope


  1840, Devised by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Develop for medical purposes due to advances in lenses and lower costs
• Ophthalmoscope


  1850, Hermann von Helmholz, First visual technology
• Laryngoscope


  1855, Devised by Manuel Garcia, Using two mirrors to observe the throat and larynx
• 1. XRay

  1859, Wilhelm Roentgen, To view the inside of the body without surgery
• Electrocardiograph


  1903, Developed by Wilhelm Einthoven, Measures electrical changes of the human heartbeat
• Kenny Method


  1910, Devised by Elizabeth Kenny, Modern physical therapy in the treatment of polio (then called infantile paralysis)
• Drinker Respirator


  1927, Philip Drinker, To help paralytic anterior poliomyelitis patients in their respiration condition using the artificial device or respirator
• Heart-Lung Machine


  1939, John Gibbon, He had completed his development of a new apparatus, which was ready for testing
• Cardiac Catherization and Angiography

  1941, First operated by Forsmann in 1929, Developed by Moniz, Reboul, Rousthoi between 1930 and 1940, Cournand in 1941, discovered as a safe method in humans
• Electron Microscope


  Visualization of small cells including tumor cells
• Tomography


  Radiologic technique for obtaining clear X-ray images of deep internal structures
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)


  Medical imaging technique that uses a magnetic field and computer generated radio waves to create detailed images of the organs
• 1895 - William Pepper Laboratory of Clinical Medicine was opened to highlight the service role of clinical laboratories
• 1918 - John Kolmer called for the development of method that would certify medical technologists on national scale, He published "The demand for and Training of Laboratory Technicians", Same year when the state legislature of Pennsylvania enacted the law that all institutions should have a full equipped laboratory
• 1920 - Administrative units of clinical laboratories were directed by a chief physician, Clinical laboratories during this time consists of 4 – 5 divisions, clinical pathology, bacteriology, microbiology, serology, and radiology
• 1922 - ASCP (American Society for Clinical Pathology) was founded
• 1565 - Spaniards established the first hospital, Hospital Real in Cebu, to cater to military patients
• 1578 - San Lazaro Hospital was built by Franciscans for the poor and lepers
• 1596 - Hospital de San Juan de Dios was founded for poor Spaniards
• 1641 - Hospital de San Jose was founded in Cavite
• 1611 - University of Santo Tomas (UST) was founded by Dominicans
• 1871 - Established the first faculties of pharmacy and medicine in UST
• 1876 - Provincial medical officers were appointed to provide health services throughout the country
• 1883 - Board of Health and Charity was established