Genetics

• an allele is one of two or more versions of a DNA at a particular genomic location
• if the two alleles are the same, the individual is homozygous for that allele
• to know which trait is dominant, the first letter that comes first should be capital
• homozygous dominant - the letters are the same and are also capitalized
• homozygous recessive - the same letter and both lowercase
• heterozygous dominant -- has one big and one small letter
• Mendel cross-pollinated pure reeding purple-flower peas with pure-breeding white-flower peas. Mendel called the parent plants as first parental generation
• all the offspring from the cross were purple-flower peas (100%). He called the offspring, the first filial generation
• after the experiment, he concluded that genes come in pairs
• after the experiment, he concluded that genes don't blend
• after the experiment, he concluded that some genes are dominant
• the law of dominance states that one trait manifests itself while the other is hidden
• law of segregation states that the pair of genes is segregated before the formation of sex cells
• the law of independent assortment states that separation of gene pairs in a given chromosomes and the distribution of genes to gametes during meiosis are independent of the distribution of other gene pairs in other pairs of chromosomes
• the genotype is an organism's genetic information
• the phenotype is the set of observable physical traits