Photosynthesis

• Energy


  The ability to do work - the ability to cause some kind of change
• Forms of energy


  • Light
  • Heat
  • Electrical
• Autotrophs


  Organisms which are capable of making their own food
• Heterotrophs


  Organisms which need to consume food to get energy
• Photosynthesis


  Carbon dioxide + Water + Sunlight -> Glucose + Oxygen
• Photosynthesis


  It is a chemical process that involves the conversion of inorganic matter into organic matter through the energy provided by sunlight
• Photosynthesis


  • Light capture: Pigments like chlorophyll absorb light energy, propelling electrons in photosystems
  • ATP generation: The released electrons create a flow that drives ATP synthesis, storing chemical energy
  • NADPH production: Another stream of electrons generates NADPH, an energy and electron carrier molecule
  • Oxygen release: The water molecule splits, releasing oxygen crucial for the atmosphere and respiration
  • CO2 capture: The enzyme RuBisCO fixes carbon dioxide (CO2) into organic compounds in the Calvin cycle
  • Sugar formation: The resulting molecules convert into sugars, utilizing ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent phase
  • RuBisCO regeneration: Molecules enabling CO2 capture regenerate, ensuring cycle continuity
  • Readying for new cycles: The cycle persists, creating sugars and regenerating molecules for CO2 fixation in future iterations

  
• Chloroplast


  Organelles found in plant cells and some other eukaryotic organisms that conduct photosynthesis, carry out almost all fatty acid synthesis in plants, and are involved in a plant's immune response

  
• Photosynthetic organisms


  • Microalgae
  • Plants
  • Macroalgae
  • Bacteria

  
• Light-dependent reactions


  1. Use energy from sunlight to produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP+ into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH

  2. Take place within the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts

  
• Light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle)


  1. Use ATP and NADPH from the light reactions to form high-energy sugars that can be stored for a long time

  2. Occur in the stroma of the chloroplast

  3. Named after the American scientist Melvin Calvin who worked out the details

  
• Herbivores


  Eats plants
• Carnivores

  Eats Meat
• Omnivores


  Eats plants and meat
• Decomposers

  Breaks down organic matter at a cellular level
• Detrivores


  Eat dead bodies
• Equation for photosynthesis 


  6CO² + 6H²O + sunlight --> C⁶H¹²O⁶ + 6O²
• Carbon Dioxide + Water = Glucose + Oxygen
• Photosynthetic organisms

  • microalgae
  • Plants
  • Macroalgae
  • Bacteria
• ADP


  Adenosine Diphosphate
• ATP


  Adenosine Triphosphate
• NADPH


  Nicotinamide Adeninenucleotide Phosphate
• NADPH+


  Nicotinamide Adeninenucleotide Phosphate + Hydrogen
• Photo 


  means light
• Synthesis 


  Means composition
• Photosynthesis happens in chloroplast