energy for exerise

• Metabolism


  The chemical process that occurs within a cell to maintain life. Some substances are broken down while others are resynthesised to store energy
• Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)


  A high energy compound which is the only immediately available source of energy for muscular contraction
• Exothermic Reaction


  A chemical reaction which releases energy
• ATPase


  An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of ATP
• Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)


  A compound formed by teh removal of a phosphate bond from ATP
• Endothermic Reaction


  A chemical reaction which absorbs energy
• Creatine Kinase


  An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of phosphocreatine (PC)
• Phosphocreatine


  A high energy compound stored in the muscle cell and broken down for ATP resynthesis
• Anaerobic


  Without the presence of oxygen
• Sarcoplasm


  The cytoplasm or fluid within a cell which holds stores of PC, glycogen and myoglobin
• Coupled Reaction

  Where the products of one reaction are used in another reaction
• Phosphofructokinase (PFK)


  An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of glucose (glycolysis).
• Anaerobic Glycolysis


  the partial breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid
• Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)


  An enzyme which catalyses the conversion of pyruvic acid into lactic acid
• OBLA


  Point at which blood lactate levels significantly rise and fatigue sets in
• Buffering capacity


  The ability of hydrogen carbonate ions to neutralise the effects of lactic acid in the blood stream
• Krebs Cycle


  The second stage of the aerobic system producing energy to resynthesise 2 ATP in the mitochondrial matrix
• Electron Transport Chain (ETC)


  The third stage of the aerobic system producing energy to resynthesise 34 ATP in the mitochondrial matrix
• Mitochondria


  A structure within the cell where anaerobic respiration and energy production occur
• Lipase


  An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of triglycerides into free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol
• Energy continuum


  The relative contribution of each energy system to overall energy production depending on the intensity and duration of the activity
• Intermittent exercise


  Activity where the intensity alternates, either during interval training between work and relief intervals or during a game with breaks of play and changes in activity
• Threshold


  The point at which an athletes predominant energy production moves from one energy system to another
• Myoglobin


  A red protein in the muscle cell responsible for carrying adn storing oxygen
• VO2 max


  Maximum volume of oxygen inspired, transported and utilised per minute during exhaustive exercise