EXPECTORANTS

• Drugs used to help in the removal or expulsion of the secretion

  Expectorant
• These are used in the treatment of cough

  Expectorant
• EXPECTORANTS' MOA:

  • By decreasing the viscosity of bronchial secretion and facilitating their elimination from trachea 
  • By increasing the amount of respiratory tract fluid, a demulcent action is exerted on dry mucosal lining, thus relieving the unproductive cough.
• These are stomach irritant expectorants which are able to produce their effect through stimulation of gastric reflexes

  Sedative Expectorant
• Examples of Sedative Expectorant:

  • Ammonium chloride
  • Sodium citrate 
  • Potassium iodide 
• These are the expectorants which bring about a stimulation of the secretory cells of the respiratory tract directly or indirectly

  Stimulant Expectorant
• Examples of Stimulant Expectorant:

  • Drugs such as eucalyptus 
  • Lemon and active constituents of oil like terpin hydrate
  • Anethole
• Chemical formula for Ammonium Chloride

  NH4Cl
• Synonyms for NH4Cl:

  • Ammonium Muriate 
  • Sal Ammoniac
  • Salmic 
  • Amchlor 
  • Ammon 
  • Chlor 
• PREPARATION OF NH4Cl

  HCL + NH3 → NH4Cl
• PROPERTIES OF NH4Cl

  • White/clear? _ crystalline
  • Odorless powder with saline/sweet? _ taste
  • It is hygroscopic
  • Very/Freely? _ soluble in water 


  white;

  saline;

  freely
• What should be the dose of NH4Cl as an expectorant?

  a.) 100 - 200 mg

  b.) 500 - 1000 mg

  c.) 300 - 1000 mg

  c.) 300 - 1000 mg
• In terms of uses, Ammonium Chloride is also a diuretic and systemic acidifier
• What is the synonym for KI?

  Kalii Iodidum
• PREPARATION OF KI:

  • 6 KOH + 3I2 → KIO3 + 5KI + 3H2O 

  • KIO3 + 3C → KI + 3CO 
• PROPERTIES OF KI:

  • Colourless, crystalline or white powder
  • Slight bitter taste
  • Soluble in water, glycerin and in alcohol
  • On standing, it becomes yellow, particularly when exposed to light due to the liberation of free iodine
• USES OF KI:

  • Expectorant
  • Source of Iodine 
  • Antifungal in veterinary preparation 
  • Ingredient of Iodine solution 
  • To treat overactive thyroid
  • To protect the thyroid gland from the effects of radiation from inhaled or swallowed radioactive iodine.