perdev finals

• Malow's hierarchy of needs

  According to Maslow, human needs were arranged in a hierarchy.
• Maslow's model presents the following in order:

  1. Physiological
  2. Safety
  3. Love and Belonging
  4. Esteem
  5. Self-Actualization
• Physiological


  Basic human needs
• Water, shelter, food, these are examples of?

  Physiological needs
• Safety


  Control and Order
• Insurance, Job, Education

  Safety
• Love and Belonging


  Human need of interpersonal relationships
• Connectedness, Friendship, Intimacy

  Love and Belonging
• Esteem


  Self-worth, accomplishments, respect
• Recognition, to be accepted and valued by others

  Esteem
• Self-actualization

  • Realization of someone's potential
  • the desire to accomplish everything to become what one desires to be
• Self-growth, Self-fulfillment


  Self-actualization
• Carl Roger's Humanistic Theory


  Self-concept is the central theme
• Self-image


  How you see yourself
• Self-worth


  how you value yourself
• Ideal self


  what you desire to be
• Congruence


  Your ideal self aligns with your reality
• Incongruence


  Your ideal self DOES NOT align with your reality
• Basic human needs of a child

  Positive regard and self-worth
• Conditional positive regards


  Valuing a person ONLY if they adhere to certain values
• Unconditional positive regards


  love and acceptance of someone with no judgement
• People could only self-actualize if they have a positive view of themselves and this could only happen if


  They receive unconditional positive regards from the people around them
• Self-actualization is attainable if...


  one's reality is aligned with their ideal self (congruence)
• Erikson's Psychosocial Development

  • Has 8 stages
  • Defines each stage with a crisis or conflict
• These stages with their crisis may overlap
• Successful completion


  Integrated self
• Unsuccessful completion


  Uncertainty and disappointment
• Stage 1


  Trust vs. Mistrust
• Stage 2


  Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
• Stage 3 


  Initiative vs. Guilt
• 0-1 Infancy


  Stage 1
• 1-3 Early childhood


  Stage 2
• 3-6 Play age


  Stage 3
• Children tends to have more trusting relationships as they have grown trust within their family

  Stage 1
• Children starts to develop a greater sense of self-control


  Stage 2
• Children starts to assert their power and control, initiate action

  Stage 3
• Stage 4


  Industry vs. inferiority
• 7-11 School age


  stage 4
• Stage 5


  Identity vs. Role confusion
• 12-18 adolescence


  Stage 5