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• Volcano - opening in the planet’scrust through which molten rock,hot gases, and other materialserupt.
• Volcano - form a hill or mountain as layers of rock and ash build-up from repeated eruptions
• Volcanologist - A volcano scientist is a geologist who studies the formation and eruptive activity of volcanoes.
• Volcanology is the study of volcanoes
• Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) - mitigating disasters from volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and related geotectonic phenomena
• MAGMA CHAMBER - A reservoir where magma is stored beneath the volcano.
• SILL - Flat rock formation that forms when molten magma cools and solidifies
• LAVA FLOW - Molten rock that flows from a volcano during an eruption
• CONDUIT - A pipe-like structure that connects the magma chamber to the surface
• CONE - Steep, conical-shaped hill or mountain formed by layers of volcanic material
• Active Volcano - eruption within the last 600 years
• There are 24 active volcanoes in the Philippines
• Mt. Mayon is the most active volcano in the Philippines
• Taal is the second most active volcano in the Philippines
• Mt. Kanlaon is the third most active volcano in the Philippines
• Potentially Active - Morphologically young-looking but with no historical or analytical records of eruption.
• Mt. Apo, Mt. Arayat, Mt. Labo are potentially active volcanoes in the Philippines
• Mt. Balungao, Mt. Batulao, Mt. Pan de Azucar are inactive volcanoes in the Philippines
• Some of the grandest volcanoes are composite volcanoes / stratovolcanoes
• composite volcanoes / stratovolcanoes - steep sided, symmetrical
• Cinder Cone Volcano are the simplest
• Cinder Cone Volcano are built from ejected semisolid lava
• Cinder cone volcano have circular or oval cones and are not very tall
• Shield Volcano resembles a dome
• Volcanism is the eruption of molten rock from inside the Earth to the surface
• MAGMA - • Hot fluid or semi-fluid material beneath the crust of the earth.
• All of the magma is created in the asthenosphere. The magma slowly rises through the lithosphere. It rises because it is hot, less dense, and because of the increased pressure below
• The higher the silica content, the more viscous the magma is
• The more water content, the more gases expand, and the more explosive the eruption
• Once magma is ejected from the volcanic vents and flows on the surface, it is called lava
• Lava viscosity is influenced by temperature, mineral, and water content.
• Pyroclastic flows consist of a mixture of volcanic gases and ash
• Ashfall - finer ejected materials carried away by the wind
• LAHAR - hot or cold mixture of water and rockfragments that flows down the slopes ofa volcano and typically enters a rivervalley. A result of heavy rainfall duringor after the eruption
• Geothermal energy - A renewable energy source produced from the heat inside Earth that can be harvested for human u
• Tiwi geothermal power plant - located at Mt. Malinao in theProvince of Albay. Operations started in May 1979
• The Makiling-Banahaw (Makban Geothermal Power Plant) Geothermal power plant in South Luzon is one of the 20 power plants completed during the Marcos administration.
• Bac-Man Geothermal Power Plant is operated by Energy Development Corporation in the provinces of Albay and Sorsogon in the Philippines. It is named for its location in the municipalities of Bacon and Manito
• Palinpinon Geothermal Power Plant is a 192.5-MW complex of geothermal power stations in Valencia, Negros Oriental
• Binary Cycle Power plant - Hot water is pumped through a heat exchanger heating a second liquid to turn into steam