English

• is essential in writing. This is done by organizing ideas in a logical and clear manner that suits the writer's purpose.

  Idea development
• are writing devices such as transitional devices. connectors, determiners, and repetitions that are used to maintain text coherence.

  Grammatical signals
• refers to the structure of writing on how the ideas are being presented.

  Pattern of idea development
• This pattern of iden development discusses the general topic by presenting specific details that support the topic.

  General to Particular
• This pattern of idea development explains the causes or the effects of something.

  Cause and Effect
• This pattern of iden development refers to the structure of presenting a side of an issue in an argumentative manner.

  Clain and Counterclaim
• This pattern of iden development is used when a writer identifien a problem and addrennen it by presenting more solutions.

  Problem Solution
• This pattern of iden development intends to convince the readers to do or believe in somathing. It allows the writer to express his or her personal viewpoints about a topic to convince the randers.

  Persuasion
• one of a kind, also, amazing experience, it is recommended, for example, for instance, such as

  general-specific
• some people say. admittedly, on one hand, on the other hand

  counterclaim
• first solution, as a solution

  problem-solution
• consequently, that is why, leads to, as a result

  cause-and-effect
• I urge, because, in order to, however, specifically, come along

  persuasion
• A _________ is a one-sentence statement that expresses the main idea of an essay

  thesis statement
• _________refer to the major phrases/sentences which are formed from the thesis statement.

  Major topics
• _______ refer to the minor phrases/sentences which are formed from the major topics.

  subtopics
• ________ are phrases/sentences which provide additional information to clarify or prove the main idea. These details help you explain further the ideas presented by the major topics and subtopics.

  Supporting details
• To shorten a long text by writing the main points in your own words

  Summarize
• To put a passage from source material into your own words similar in length as the original

  paraphrase
• To break complex topic into smaller parts.

  analyze
• To use observation and background to reach a logical conclusion

  infer
• Presents the topic of the paragraph. It will serve as a guide for the writer to keep his or her writing under control. Ex. There are three reasons why I prefer walking to other physical activities.

  topic sentence
• serve as the body of your paragraph. This is where you elaborate on your topic by including specific details or evidence. All of the sentences in the body must relate to the topic sentence. Ex. One reason is that walking can be done easily. I can do it anywhere at any time without needing any equipment. Also, I prefer walking because it is good for the heart. I don't have to do much effort while walking. Lastly, I like this physical activity because it is safe. It is not as risky as other physical activities like swimming, racing, or biking.

  supporting sentence
• restates what the topic of the paragraph is all about. It comes after all the details have been included in the body of the paragraph. Ex. For all these reasons, walking is the best physical activity of all.

  Concluding sentence