Emetics

• EMETICS

  • drug which induces vomiting
  • act either directly by stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone located in medulla oblongata or refluxing by irritant action on the gastrointestinal tract.
• EMETICS

  - inorganic compounds used as emetics are:

  ▪ Copper sulfate

  ▪ Zinc sulfate

  ▪ Antimony potassium tartrate
• COMMONLY USED EMETICS

  ANTIMONY POTASSIUM TARTRATE (C4H4KO7Sb)

  COPPER SULFATE (CuSO4 . H2O)

  ZINC SULFATE (ZnSO4 . 7H2O)
• ANTIMONY POTASSIUM TARTRATE (C4H4KO7Sb)

  Synonym:

  • Taster Emetic
  • Tartar Emetic
  • Brown Mixture
• ANTIMONY POTASSIUM TARTRATE (C4H4KO7Sb)

  Preparation:

  • 2 KHC4H4O6 + Sb2O3 → 2K (SbO) C4H4O6 + H2O
• ANTIMONY POTASSIUM TARTRATE (C4H4KO7Sb)

  Properties:

  • Colorless,
  • odorless crystals having sweet taste.
  • It is soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol.
  • On exposure to air, crystals effloresce.
• ANTIMONY POTASSIUM TARTRATE (C4H4KO7Sb)

  Storage:

  • It is stored in an air tight container.
• ANTIMONY POTASSIUM TARTRATE (C4H4KO7Sb)

  Use:

  • To treat schistosomiasis
  • It is acting as an emetic
  • Fungal infestation
  • Anthelmintics
• COPPER SULFATE (CuSO4 ▪ H2O)

  Synonym:

  • Blue Stone
  • Blue Vitrio
• COPPER SULFATE (CuSO4 ▪ H2O)

  Chemical Properties:

  • Copper sulfate pentahydrate contains 5 moles of water per one mole of copper (II) sulfate.
• COPPER SULFATE (CuSO4 ▪ H2O)

  Chemical Properties:

  • can be converted into anhydrous copper sulfate when heated strongly
• COPPER SULFATE (CuSO4 ▪ H2O)

  Chemical Properties:

  • the blue color of copper sulfate is due to water of hydration.
• COPPER SULFATE (CuSO4 ▪ H2O)

  Chemical Properties:

  • when heated, it loses two water molecules at ~63°C followed by two more at ~109°C and the final water molecule at ~200°C and turns to white coloured anhydrous copper sulfate.
• COPPER SULFATE (CuSO4 ▪ H2O)

  Properties:

  • It is a greenish-gray powder(Anhydrous) and blue (pentahydrate),
  • Very hygroscopic
  • Freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in methanol, practically insoluble in alcohol
• COPPER SULFATE (CuSO4 ▪ H2O)

  Uses:

  • Emetic (but not a Drug of choice)
  • Bactericidal property
  • Fungicide & Algicide
• ZINC SULFATE (ZnSO4 ▪ 7H2O)

  Preparation:

  • Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
• ZINC SULFATE (ZnSO4 ▪ 7H2O)

  Properties:

  • Zinc sulfate occurs as colorless, transparent crystals or as a crystalline powder.
  • odorless and has an astringent, metallic taste.
  • It is efflorescent in dry air.
  • easily soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol and soluble in glycerin.
  • aqueous solution of zinc sulfate is slightly acidic.
• ZINC SULFATE (ZnSO4 ▪ 7H2O)

  Uses:

  • Emetic (induces vomiting): zinc sulfate is used as reflex emetics especially in narcotic poisoning (opium poisoning), for this 1% solution contains 0.6 to 2 g given orally.
  • Astringent: it is used externally for its antiseptic and astringent properties in powder and in lotions.
  • It also serves as aid in healing of wounds.- A 0.25 % zinc sulfate aqueous solution is used as an ophthalmic astringent.
• Alkaloids Respiratory Stimulants:

  1. Strychnine
  2. Atropine
  3. Ephedrine
  4. Cocaine
  5. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
  6. Picrotoxin
• Alkaloids Respiratory Stimulants:

  Strychnine

  Strychnos nux-vomica (Sci Name)
• Alkaloids Respiratory Stimulants:

  Atropine

   Atropa belladonna. (Sci Name)
• Alkaloids Respiratory Stimulants:

  Ephedrine

  Ephedra sinica(Sci Name)
• Alkaloids Respiratory Stimulants:

  Cocaine

  Erythroxylum coca(Sci Name)
• Alkaloids Respiratory Stimulants:

  Picrotoxin

  Fishberry Shrub(Sci Name)
• Hypertonic NSS

  -Used as Expectorant
• IPECAC

  -Emetic

  Ipecac is used in the emergency treatment of certain kinds of poisoning. It is used to cause vomiting of the poison. Only the syrup form of ipecac should be used. A bottle of ipecac labeled as being Ipecac Fluidextract or Ipecac Tincture should not be used.
• KI

  -200mg QID, NMT 2g/day