Ss

• define operationalisation


  Clearly defining variables in terms of how they can be measured
• define standardisation


  procedures and conditions being controlled
• define ecological validity


  applicability of research to everyday life.
• Define demand characteristics


  behaviour from ps which is unnatural due to experimental condition
• Define mundane realism


  degree to which an experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations
• Define reliability


  extent to which an experiment can be repeated
• Define internal validity


  extent to which we can draw cause-and-effect inferences from a study
• Define extraneous variable


  A variable that might also affect the outcome of the experiment
• define situational variables


  Features of an environment that affects behaviour
• define participant variables


  Any individual differences between participants that may affect behaviour
• Define demand characteristics


  environmental clues to what the investigation is about, causing participants to alter natural behaviour
• define participant reactivity


  ps acting overly pleasing or overly defiant due to understanding the aim of the investigation
• How can demand characteristics be controlled?

  Deception

  Double Blind
• Define investigator effects


  the effect of the investigators behaviour which are either physical or nonverbal characteristics
• How to control investigator effects?

  same researcher

  double blind
• Define repeated measures


  All participants take part in all conditions of the experiment
• Define qualitative data


  descriptive and non-numerical data
• Define nominal data


  A type of categorical data
• Define ordinal data


  The numerical order
• Define interval data


  measurements taken from a numerical scale
• Define mean


  average
• evaluate the mean


  + most sensitive measure of central tendency and is most representative

  - easily distorted by extreme values
• define medium


  middle value
• evaluate the medium


  + not affected by extreme values

  - not representative as doesnt include all values
• Define mode


  most frequent
• evaluate mode


  + easiest measure to calculate

  - unrepresentative
• Define range


  the difference between the highest and lowest scores
• evaluate the range


  + easiest measure

  - only takes into account extreme measures
• Define standard deviation


  a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score
• Evaluate standard deviation


  + sensitive and precise measurements

  - doesnt tell the full range of data
• bar chart


  used to compare
• Scattergram


  to show relationship
• Histogram


  illustrates distribution/frequency
• line graph


  illustrates continuous data
• pie chart


  used with discrete data
• normal distribution


  displays frequency data where the average lays at the highest point in the middle of the
• positive skew


  high outlier, task was possibly to hard
• negative skew


  low outlier, task was possibly to easy
• stringent levels


  if we need to be more confident than 5% we use 1%
• Non-stringent levels


  if we need to demonstrate an effect/difference or relationship we use 10% instead of 5%