Seizures

• Definition of seizure?

  Sudden uncontrolled episode of electrical activity within the brain
• Classification of seizures?

  1. Generalised
  2. Focal
• What is a generalised seizure?

  seizure activity occuring through the brain and results in LOC
• What is a focal seizure?

  seizure activity in a particular part of the brain, may or may not experience LOC
• Pathophysiology of seizures?

  Normal neuronal function is controlled by glutamate (excitatory neurotransmitter) and GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter)

  Dysregulation of neurotransmitters --> increase glutamate over GABA -->excessive excitation neurons = seizure
• Signs and symptoms of a seizure?

  • muscle jerking
  • nystagmus
  • urinary incontinence
  • tongue biting
  • increased WOB
• Risk factors for seizures?

  • Hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia
  • Hypoxia
  • Electrolyte imbalance
  • Stroke
  • Infection
  • Drug withdrawal
  • Epilepsy