reactions of ions: aqueous solutions

• lewis acids:

  electron pair acceptor
• lewis base:

  electron pair donor
• colours of ions:

  
• why is 3+ > 2+:
• why is 3+ > 2+: (acidity)

  • higher charge density
  • more polarising - able to weaken O-H bonds
• ammonia dropwise reaction - precipitation
• ammonia in excess reaction - ligand substitution

  • copper