Islamiyat

• Tafseer


  The science of learning the meaning of the Holy Quran and its explanation
• The Holy Prophet was the first explainer of the Holy Quran
• Tafseer of the Holy Quran


  • Explaining the purpose, difficult words, phrases, sentence structure, Nasikh, Mansookh and Mahkan
  • Explaining the religious, political, social and scientific aspects of Quranic verses
• Abdullah Ibn-e-Abbas


  Pioneer scholar of Tafseer-e-Quran
• Compilation of the Quran during the lifetime of the Holy Prophet


  1. Revelations received over 23 years

  2. Recited to companions

  3. Companions memorized and wrote down on various materials
• Compilation of the Quran during the Caliphate of Abu Bakr (RA)

  1. War of Yamama against Muslima Kazab

  2. Martyrdom of Huffaz companions

  3. Hazrat Umar advised Abu Bakr to compile the Quran into a book form

  4. Zaid bin Thabit appointed to compile the Quran

  5. Final copy handed over to Hazrat Hafsa
• Compilation of the Quran during the Caliphate of Hazrat Uthman


  1. Dialect of Quraish selected as standard

  2. Hazrat Uthman ordered comparison between master copy and other scripts

  3. Differences removed

  4. Hazrat Zaid appointed to make master copies
• The first community thought it was necessary to write "ummah" into a single script to promote unity, standardize the spelling and representation, and preserve the linguistic heritage
• Quran does not describe everything in details

  Sunnah provides the answers to how, when, why, what etc.
• Quran is still relevant now as it was 1400 years ago
• Sunnah

  Often used with Quran as a source of Islamic law
• Quran


  Does not describe everything in details, it just orders us but does not tell how, when, why, what etc. These answers come from the Sunnah
• Quran is relevant now as it was 1400 years ago
• The Holy Book will be relevant till the Day of Judgement and it will always be valued to the true Muslims
• The Quran contains logical information and helps science gain more information
• Ijma


  Consensus of Muslim jurists (Mujtahid or Faqih) on a matter where Quran and Sunnah are silent, as long as it does not contradict them
• Conditions for valid Ijma

  • Only Muslim jurists can do Ijma
  • Must be pious, religious and God fearing
  • Must have a Shariah proof
  • Quran & Sunnah are silent on it
  • Should not contradict with Quran & Sunnah
  • When majority of Jurists agree
• Examples of Ijma


  • Hazrat Abu Bakr was selected as caliph by Ijma
  • Compilation of the Holy Quran in the form of a book was done by Ijma
  • Congregation of Taraweeh is done by Ijma
• Qiyas


  Analogy, the fourth source of Islamic law, used where the primary sources (Quran, Sunnah) and Ijma are silent on an issue
• Qiyas


  • Literally means to measure anything with comparison to other
  • In Shariah, it means to use Quran, Sunnah and Ijma on the basis of a common sense
• Example of Qiyas


  • Reason for prohibition of wine is intoxication, so any drink containing intoxication will be declared prohibited by jurists using analogy
• Conditions for validity of Qiyas

  • Origin of analogy should be from Quran and Sunnah
  • Qiyas should not contradict Quran & Hadith
  • Quran, Sunnah & Ijma must be silent on the issue
  • Should not be contradictory from the life of companions
• Methodology/Elements of Qiyas


  • DASI (original case)
  • Far (new problem)
  • Illa (cause for permission or prohibition)
  • Hukam (final result of jurist)
• The relationship between Quran, Ijma and Qiyas is significant in Islamic jurisprudence
• Summary of relationship between Quran, Ijma and Qiyas

  • Quran is the central religious text and primary source of Islamic law
  • Ijma is the secondary source, referring to consensus of Islamic scholars
  • Qiyas involves analogical reasoning to derive legal rulings for new situations by analogy with existing rulings in Quran, Sunnah or Ijma
• Allah Almighty is the creator and primal origin of paradise, hell and the world
• Allah Almighty has no spouse and is the only one, single
• Allah Almighty is the creator of the entire universe and all galaxies, and has all knowledge
• People must worship and obey none but Allah Almighty
• Allah Almighty knows everything about us and is aware of all matters in the universe
• We are dependent on Allah Almighty and have to worship Him no matter what, as He is Independent and the true owner of the whole universe
• During the time of Imam Baqir (AS), the Quran was written on palm leaves which deteriorated with time
• What is the definition of gravitational field strength "g"?

  It is defined as the gravitational force acting per unit area.
• How does the weight of an object relate to gravitational field strength?

  The weight of an object depends on the strength of the gravitational force acting on it.
• Why does an object weigh less on the Moon than on Earth?

  Because the Moon's gravitational field strength is weaker than Earth's gravitational field strength.
• What is the relationship between gravitational field strength and weight on different celestial bodies?

  Weight varies depending on the gravitational field strength of the celestial body.