Procedures and Image Evaluation

• Anatomy - study of structure
• Physiology- study of functions
• Osteology - study of bones
• These are the 4 fundamental body planes in anatomic position :

  Sagittal

  Coronal

  Horizontal

  Oblique
• Sagittal - divides right and left
• Coronal - divides posterior and anterior
• Horizontal - divides inferior and superior
• Oblique - diagonal or at any angle
• Mid-Coronal is also known as mid-axillary
• Horizontal plan is also known as axial, transverse, and cross-sectional
• Thoracic and abdominal are known as the 2 great cavities
• Thoracic- the lungs and up
• Abdominal- lungs and below
• Pelvic- rectum, urinary, and reproductive
• The appendix is in the right lower quad
• Superior: Right Hypochondrium , Epigastrium , Left Hypochondrium
• Middle : Right Lateral , umbilical, left lateral
• Inferior : right inguinal , hypogastrium, left inguinal
• Body habitus - organ placement and characteristics
• sthenic - regular
• asthenic - long lungs and low diaphragm
• malleolus - club shaped process also known as the ankle
• foramen- hole in a bone for transmission of blood vessels and nerves
• fossa - pit , fovea, or hollow space
• groove - shallow linear channel
• meatus - tube like passageway
• sulcus - furrow , trench, or fissure-like depression
• greenstick is most common in pediatrics
• anterior - ventral ( front )
• posterior - dorsal ( back )
• caudad - refers to parts away from the head
• cephalad refers to parts toward the head
• medial - towards the midline
• lateral - away from the midline
• superior - above or towards the head
• inferior - towards the feet or below
• visceral - covering/ lining of an oragn
• dorsum - top of the foot
• palmar - palm of th ehand
• plantar - sole of the foot