Final Exam Physics

• 1. Current

  The moving electrons in a circuit. The current symbol is ‘I’.
• Current

  There are 2 types of current flow, which are:

  • Conventional Current Flow (CCF) - When the electrons come out from the (+) terminal and go back in through the (-) terminal (This type is mostly used for counting).
  • Electron Current Flow (ECF) - When the electrons come out from the (-) terminal and go back in through the (+) terminal (This type is the one that actually happens in real life).
• There are 2 types of circuit arrangement, which are none other than: 

  • Series Circuit
  • Only have 1 way for electrons to flow
  • No branches
  • Parallel Circuit
  • Has more than 1 way for electrons to flow
  • Has branches
• 1. Circuit Component

  • Cell (Battery if containing 2 or more cells): Provides energy to make current flow, and two connections (terminal), a positive terminal and a negative terminal. They are labelled with positive (+) and negative (-). A cell stores chemical energy that can be changed to electrical energy in a circuit. 
  • Resistor: Limits the flow of electrons/ current. The symbol is ( R ). 
  • Lamp/ bulb: Gives out light 
  • Buzzer: Makes a buzzing sound
  • Wire: Where the electrons/ current moves/ are transport
• Circuit Component

  • Open Switch: Stops the flow of electrons/ current
  • Closed Switch: Starts the flow of electrons/ current
  • Ammeter: Measures current in a circuit. An ammeter has 2 terminals to attach the wires, the red terminal of the ammeter must be connected to the positive wire in the circuit, while the black terminal of the ammeter must be connected to the positive wire in the circuit (Only placed in series)
• Circuit Component

  • Voltmeter: To measure the potential difference of the current. It’s symbol is ‘V’ (Call it volt for short), and it must be placed before and after the lamps (Only in placed in parallels)
  • Omega: Its symbol is ‘Ohm’
• Circuit Diagram

  Circuits can also be represented in drawings. In a circuit diagram, the components are drawn in a simple way, and it has lots of advantages, for example: 

  • Easier to draw
  • Have standard symbols
  • Wires are drawn with straight lines which makes it easier to interpret
• When drawing a circuit, make sure: 

  • There are no gaps in the line (Especially at the corners and where wires meet components)
  • Wires are not drawn through components
• Measuring Currents

  We measure the currents in a circuit with the help of an ammeter. Currents are measured in units called amps, and the symbol of this measurement is ‘A’. 
• Pressure

  • Formula
  • F = P x A
  • P = F/A
  • A = F/P
• Speed

  • Formula
  • S = D/T
  • T = D/S
  • D = T X S
• Moments

  • Formula
  • M = F x D
  • F = M/D
  • D = M/F
• Pressure

  • Area increase || Pressure increase
  • Area decrease || Pressure decrease
  • Temp increase  || Pressure increase
  • Temp decrease || Pressure decrease
  • Depth increase || Pressure increase
  • Depth decrease || Pressure decrease