P4 & 3

• Atoms

  • They are the SMALLEST part of an ELEMENT that can exist. 
• structure

  A) shells

  B) Nucleus

  C) Electrons

  D) proton

  E) neutron

  F) electron

  G) +1

  H) 0

  I) -1

  J) 1

  K) 1

  L) 1/2000

  
• John dalton

  atoms were solid SPHERES, and different spheres represented different ELEMENTS.

  
• JJ Thomson

  A) ball of positive charge

  B) electron

  
• Atom model names

  Dalton

  Thomson

  Rutherford

  Bohr

  Chadwick
• symbol equations

  • (s) for solid
  • (l) for liquid
  • (g) for gas
  • (aq) for aqueous (dissolved in water)
• state changes

  A) melting

  B) freezing

  C) boiling

  D) condensing

  
• HEATING a solid or liquid will INCREASE its internal energy.
• SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT

  energy required to change the state of 1kg of the substance with no temperature change
• Specific Latent Heat of FUSION


  state changes from SOLID to LIQUID (melting).
• Specific Latent Heat of VAPORISATION


  state changes from LIQUID to GAS (boiling).
• Heating Graphs

  A) solid

  B) liquid

  C) gas

  D) melting

  E) boiling

  
• Cooling Graphs

  A) gas

  B) liquid

  C) solid

  D) condensing

  E) freezing

  
• Radius of

  ATOM: 1 x 10-10 m

  NUCLEUS: 1 x 10-14 m
• • Atoms are NEUTRAL and have NO OVERALL CHARGE.
• atoms

  • SAME NUMBER OF PROTONS AND ELECTRONS, which CANCELS OUT THEIR CHARGES.
• chemical symbol

  A) mass

  B) no. neutrons + protons

  C) atomic

  D) No. protons in nucleus

  
• • An ELEMENT is a substance made up of ONE TYPE OF ATOM.
• neutrons


  calculate = mass - atomic

  has no charge
• positive ions


  radiation can cause electrons to be REMOVED from an atom in a process known as IONISATION.

  atom LOSES electrons to turn into a POSITIVE ION.
• isotopes


  same no. protons

  different no. neutrons
• nuclear radiation

  A) alpha

  B) beta

  C) gamma

  D) 4

  E) 2

  F) 0

  G) -1

  H) 0

  I) 0

  J) 2 protons

  K) 2 neutrons

  L) an electron

  M) electromagnetic

  N) wave

  O) positive +2

  P) negative -1

  Q) no charge

  R) high

  S) medium

  T) low

  U) low

  V) medium

  W) high

  X) paper

  Y) aluminium

  Z) lead