HEAD AND NECK

• Head and neck


  • Formed mainly by the skull with the brain enclosed in the cranial cavity
  • The brain gives rise to 12 pairs of cranial nerves; all are distributed to the structures in the head and neck, except the 10th (also supplies chest and abdomen)

  
• Mandibular condyle


  Goes up and down when you open your mouth
• Layers of the skull (SCALP)

  • Skin (most superficial)
  • Connective tissue (houses veins and and arteries that supplies the skin)
  • Aponeurosis (Galea Aponeurotica)
  • Loose areolar connective tissue (has small blood vessels)
  • Periosteum (outermost layer of the bone; skull)

  
• Bones of the skull

  • Frontal (unpaired; 1)
  • Parietal (2)
  • Occipital (2)
  • Temporal (2 on each side)
  • Sphenoid (1)
  • Ethmoid (1)

  
• Vault

  The upper part of the cranium

  
• Base of the skull

  The lowest part of the cranium

  
• Facial bones

  • Zygomatic (cheek bones; 2)
  • Nasal (2)
  • Lacrimal (sa may mata; 2)
  • Maxilla ( left & right; 2)
  • Mandible (2)
  • Vomer (1)
  • Palatine (the bone sa taas ng tongue; 2)

  
• Sutures

  Immobile joints that unite the bones of the skull

  
• Bregma

  The connection between the frontal and sagittal sutures
• Lambda


  The connection between the sagittal and lambdoid sutures
• Squamous Suture


  Connects the parietal bone and the temporal bone

  
• Pterion


  Where all the sutures/four bones on the lateral side connect; Thinnest part of the skull

  
• Nasion


  Root of the nose
• Glabella


  Between the eyebrows
• Glabellar reflex


  Has something to do with the brain; if you tap on the glabella of a neurologic patient, mag blink blink
• Inion or External occipital protuberance

  You can trace from the nasion/glabella, trace backward to find the inion; What you feel sa likod ng head/occipital bone before mag dip pa leeg

  
• Filcrum


  "Cupid's bow"; Absent sa cleft palate patients
• Nasolabial Fold


  Creases from the sides of the nose to the angle of the lips; Present when we smile