Physical Examination

• Synovial came from what Latin word?

  ovum
• Ovum means what?

  egg
• The normal viscosity of synovial fluid resembles a what?

  egg white
• The viscosity of the synovial fluid is due to the presence of what?

  hyaluronic acid and some small proteins
• What is the reference/normal VOLUME of synovial fluid?

  less than 3.5 mL
• There will be a build-up in the volume of synovial fluid in cases of what ?

  Athletes like bikers and runners
• Kapag madalas nagagamit ang bone like in the cases of athletes like bikers and runners, the volume of synovial fluid will be how many?

  more than 4mL
• What is the normal color of synovial fluid?

  colorless to pale yellow
• a DEEPER YELLOW synovial fluid is indicative of what?

  effusions
• a GREENISH synovial fluid is indicative of what?

  Infection
• a RED synovial fluid is indicative of what?

  hemorrhage
• Synovial fluid has no presence of RBC. So, if synovial fluid is inadequate, there a tendency for bones to come in contact with each other and create friction thus resulting to BLEEDING.
• What is the normal clarity of synovial fluid?

  clear
• The viscosity of synovial fluid is tested using what?

  String test ropes or mucin clot test
• A normal synovial fluid will form string of how long?

  4-6 cm
• Changes in viscosity is indicative of what?

  Arthritis
• Changes in clarity of synovial fluid can be due to the presence of what?

  WBC, synovial debris, and fibrin crystals (milky)
• What parameter is used to confirm if the specimen is indeed synovial fluid?

  Viscosity
• Do synovial fluid clot?

  No
• Clot formation in synovial fluid is indicative of what?

  hemorrhage