Cell Count

• Can cell count be done for both diluted and undiluted samples?

  Yes
• VERY VISCOUS fluid may need to be PRETREATED by adding one drop of what?

  0.05% hyaluronidase in phosphate buffer
• Clear specimens can be counted UNDILUTED.
• Dilutions are necessary when fluids are TURBID or BLOODY.
• Traditional WBC diluting fluid cannot be used because it contains ACETIC ACID that causes formation of MUCIN CLOTS
• What can be used as a diluent?

  Normal Saline Solution
• If it is necessary to lyse the RBCs, what diluent is used?

  hypotonic saline or saline with saponin
• What is added to NSS and stains WBC nuclei, permitting separation of RBCs and WBCs during counts?

  methylene blue
• What is the normal WBC count?

  less than 200 WBC/uL
• What is the normal RBC count?

  less than 2000 RBC/uL
• According to Turgeon, the normal RBC count is what?

  0 RBC/uL
• What test is seldom requested?

  RBC count
• RBC count is computed by subtracting what?

  Total Cell count and WBC count
• What test is done onsite to centrifuged specimens?

  differential count
• What % of monocytes, macrophage, and synovial tissue cells is indicative of VIRAL INFECTION?

  65%
• What % of NEUTROPHILS is indicative of SEPTIC INFLAMMATION and CRYSTAL-INDUCED?

  less than 25%
• What % of LYMPHOCYTES is indicative of NON-INFLAMMATION?

  less than 15%
• 65% monocytes, macrophages, and synovial tissue cells: viral infection
• <25% Neutrophils: Septic inflammation and crystal-induced
• <15% Lymphocytes: Non-septic inflammation
• LE Cell: Neutrophil with ingested round body
• LE Cell: SLE
• Reiter Cell: Vacuolated macrophage with ingested neutrophil
• Reiter Cell: Reactive arthritis and Reiter syndrome
• Ragocyte cell: Neutrophil with dark cytoplasmic granules containing immune complex
• Ragocyte cell: Rheumatoid arthritis and immunologic inflammation
• Cartilage Cell: Large multi-nucleated cell
• Cartilage cell: osteoarthritis
• Rice bodies: resembles polished rice (macroscopic) collagen and fibrin
• Rice bodies: TB, Septic, and RA
• Fat droplets: refractile globules
• Fat globules: traumatic injury and chronic infla
• Hemosiderin: Inclusions within clusters of synovial cells
• Hemosiderin: Pigmented villonodular synovitis
• Ochronotic shards: "ground pepper" appearance seen in patients with METAL and PLASTIC joint prostethics and those with ALKAPTUNURIA
• What is this?

  LE Cells

  
• What is this?

  Reiter cell

  
• What is this?

  RA cell or ragocyte

  
• What is this?

  Cartilage cell

  
• What is this?

  Rice bodies