Physics Topic 3

• How do we calculate density?

  p = m/v

  p - Density (kg/m^3)

  m - Mass (kg)

  volume - (m^3)
• What are the 3 states of matter?

  Solid: particles in a lattice vibrate about fixed positions, cannot be compressed.

  Liquid: particles have no regular arrangement and can get past each other, cannot be compressed.

  Gas: particles are far apart, move randomly at high speeds and can be compressed
• What is internal energy?

  The sum of kinetic and potential energy of all particles in a substance.
• What happens when temperature increases?

  Particles gain kinetic energy.
• What happens during a change of state?

  Particles are gaining kinetic energy
• What is specific latent heat (SLH)?

  The energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance
• What is latent heat?

  The energy/heat required to change the state of a substance
• How can we calculate latent heat?

  E = m L

  E - latent heat (J)

  m - mass (kg)

  L - SLH: specific latent heat (J/kg)
• What is the particle theory of gases?

  Gas pressure is the result of the particles colliding with the wall of its container, exerting a force outwards.

  By heating a gas, you increase the particles' kinetic energy, meaning they collide more frequently and with a greater force: there is an increase in pressure
• How do we compress a gas?

  We must exert a force on it - called "work"
• How do we calculate the constant of a gas?

  p V = constant

  p - pressure (n/m^2)

  V - volume (m^3)