Crystal Identification

• Direct wet preparations are stained or unstained?

  Unstained
• What microscope is used to detect the presence and absence of BIREFRINGENT SUBSTANCES?

  Compensated Polarizing Microscope
• Polarizing microscope detects the presence of what?

  birefringent substances
• Which birefringent has LOW refractive index?

  negative
• Which birefringent has HIGH refractive index?

  positive
• The lower the wavelength, the what the refractive index?

  higher
• Crystal formation in the synovial fluid is due to METABOLIC DISORDERS, DECREASED RENAL EXCRETION, DEGENERATION OF CARTILAGE AND BONES, AND INJECTION OF MEDICATIONS
• Complete the table

  A) Monosodium urate

  B) Calcium pyrophosphate

  C) Cholesterol

  D) Negative

  E) Positive

  F) Negative

  G) Chronic inflammation

  H) Pseudogout

  I) Gout

  
• Complete the table

  A) Corticosteroid

  B) Positive and Negative Birefringence

  C) Injections

  D) Calcium oxalate

  E) Negative

  F) Renal dialysis

  G) Apatite (calcium phosphate)

  H) No birefringence

  I) Osteoarthritis

  
• What is this?

  Monosodium Urate

  
• What is this?

  Calcium pyrophosphate

  
• What is this?

  Cholesterol

  
• What is this?

  Corticosteroid crystal

  
• What is this?

  Calcium oxalate

  
• What is this?

  Apatite (Calcium phosphate)