GAIT

• Antalgic Gait


  Person is unable to put weight on foot or leg
• Antalgic Gait


  • Can affect knee/ankle joint
  • There might be a problem with hip extensors (gluteus muscles)
  • Knee flexors might be associated
• Trendelenburg Gait


  Weakness of gluteus medius and minimus
• Trendelenburg Gait


  • "Sound side sags" the side that has working muscles droops
  • If there is weakness on the left g med and g min, there will be drooping of the pelvis on the right side
• Circumduction Gait


  There is circular motion
• Circumduction Gait


  • There is weakness with knee flexors, compensation occurs due to hip flexors and back muscles
  • Pt might complain of hip and back pain
  • Weak dorsiflexors (tibialis anterior)
• Ataxic Gait


  • May be due to cerebellum lesion
  • Unable to balance; lack of coordination
• Ataxic Gait


  • Lack of proper step length
  • Jerky, hesitant movements (murag hubog)
  • Irregular foot movement and placement
  • Lack of deceleration (mahirapan mag slow down)
  • Lack of trunk control
  • Usually has support (cane, walker, or uses their surroundings)
• Parkinsonian Gait


  • Medically known as Festinating Gait
  • Unable to walk properly due to tremors (hands shake)
• Parkinsonian Gait


  • Very little ground clearance
  • Little to no arm swing which causes lack of balance
• Steppage Gait


  • Excessive lifting of leg off the ground
  • Lacks heel strike; unable to dorsiflex
  • Excessive knee and hip flexion
• Steppage Gait


  • Can be due to an L4 damage or sciatic nerve damage or deep peroneal nerve
  • Weak dorsiflexion muscles
• Step Length


  Distance from the heel of one foot to the heel of the other foot
• Stride Length


  Distance from heel of one foot to the heel of the same foot
• Step Width


  • Horizontal distance between two feet
  • From midpoint of one heel to midpoint of the other heel
  • 2-4 inches for adults
• Cadence


  • Steps per minute
  • 50 to 120-130 steps per minute in typical adult
• Gait Cycle


  • Time when the heel touches the ground to the time it touches the ground again
  • 1 cycle lasts 1 second and has a length of 1.4m
• Stance Phase


  • First 60% of gait during normal walking
  • 20% of the time in stance is in double support; both feet are in contact with the ground
  • Initial contact (heel first)
  • Loading response
  • Midstance (body's COM moves directly over the foot)
  • Terminal stance (heel lifts off the floor)
  • Preswing (toes leave the ground)
• Swing Phase


  • The last 40% of gait during normal walking
  • Initial swing (foot is no longer in contact with floor)
  • Miswing (tibia is perpendicular to the floor)
  • Terminal swing (leg prepares to make initial contact again with the ground)
• The moment the foot makes contact with the ground, swing phase ends and stance phase begins again