chemistry revision

• Filtering


  Use a funnel, filter paper and a beaker, pour the liquid into the filter paper leaving behind any residue
• Distillation


  Heat up a liquid, tube catches the evaporated liquid, when it cools it condenses and runs down the tube, separates liquids with different boiling points
• Evaporation


  Use an evaporating bowl to evaporate the liquid and leave the solid that had dissolved inside
• Chromatography


  Draw a pencil line, put pen dots on the line, hang it over a beaker so the tip touches the solvent, solvent travels up the paper separating the colors
• Solution


  A mixture of a solvent and a solute (a solvent is the liquid that the solute dissolves in)
• Element


  A material made up of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down
• Compound


  Two or more elements that are chemically bonded and can be broken down
• Mixture


  Two or more elements/compounds that are separated
• Alloy


  A substance formed from the combination of two or more metals, or a metal and a non-metal, to increase the properties of the base materials
• Saturated


  No more solute can dissolve in the solvent
• Dissolve


  The solute cannot be seen in the solvent anymore, the mass does not change
• Non-metals


  • Brittle, not good conductors of heat or electricity, not strong, low boiling points, dull
• Metals


  • Strong, good conductors of electricity and heat, malleable, high boiling points, shiny
• Elements are where only the same type of atom is in a mixture or where only the same type of atoms are joined together
• Compounds are where two or more different elements are joined together
• Mixtures are where you have a mixture of different elements or compounds but not all of them are joined together
• Alloys are created by melting the materials together and then allowing them to solidify, resulting in a new material with properties that may differ from those of its individual components
• Compound names


  • Carbon dioxide - carbon and oxygen
  • Sodium chloride - sodium and chlorine