Particles and radiation

• Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons
• Atomic number = number of protons
• Mass number = Number of protons + Number of neutrons
• The nucleus is made up of protons (positively charged) and neutrons (neutral).
• Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
• Relative atomic mass (A) is calculated by adding up all the masses of atoms present in a sample and dividing it by the total number of atoms.
• Atomic mass unit (u) is the average mass of one atom of carbon-12, which has an atomic mass of exactly 12 u.
• Proton - positively charged particle found in the nucleus.
• Neutron - neutral particle found in the nucleus.
• Electron - negatively charged particle that orbits around the nucleus.
• Nuclear fission occurs when an atom splits into two smaller fragments, releasing energy.
• Radioactive decay refers to the spontaneous emission of particles from unstable nuclei.
• Nuclear reactions involve changes to the nuclei of atoms, such as fission or fusion.
• Fission involves splitting an atom into smaller parts.
• Fusion occurs when two light nuclei combine to form one heavier nucleus.
• Alpha (α) particles are helium nuclei with a mass number of four and charge of +2.
• Gamma rays (γ) are high-energy photons emitted during nuclear decay.
• Gamma rays are high-energy photons emitted during radioactive decay.
• Alpha (α) particles are helium nuclei with a mass number of 4 and charge +2.
• Nucleons - protons and neutrons combined.