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PSYCHOLOGY
Biopsychology
Structures of a Neuron
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Lucy Brady
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Synaptic Transmission
: The relaying of information across the synaptic by means of chemical
neurotransmitters.
Synapse: A small
gap
which separates
neurons.
Neurotransmitters
: Chemical messengers that cross the
synapse
gap between neurons.
Excitation: When a
neurotransmitter
crosses the
synapse
and increases the chance of a neuron firing.
Inhibition: When a
neurotransmitter
crosses the
synapse
and decreases the chance of a neuron firing.
Sensory Neurons: Neurons that carry incoming information from the
sensory
receptors to the brain and
spinal cord.
Motor Neuron
: Carry outgoing information from the
brain
and spinal cord to the muscles and glands.
Relay Neuron: Nerve cell which transmits electrical impulses to
sensory
neurons to
motor
neurons.
Cell Body: Includes a
nucleus
which contains the
genetic
material of the cell
Dendrite
:
Branch
like structures that protrude from the cell body.
Carry nerve impulses
from neighbouring neurons towards the
cell body
Axon
: Carries
electrical impulses
away from the cell body down the length of the neuron
Covered in
myelin sheath
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