Structures of a Neuron

    Cards (11)

    • Synaptic Transmission: The relaying of information across the synaptic by means of chemical neurotransmitters.
    • Synapse: A small gap which separates neurons.
    • Neurotransmitters: Chemical messengers that cross the synapse gap between neurons.
    • Excitation: When a neurotransmitter crosses the synapse and increases the chance of a neuron firing.
    • Inhibition: When a neurotransmitter crosses the synapse and decreases the chance of a neuron firing.
    • Sensory Neurons: Neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord.
    • Motor Neuron: Carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands.
    • Relay Neuron: Nerve cell which transmits electrical impulses to sensory neurons to motor neurons.
    • Cell Body: Includes a nucleus which contains the genetic material of the cell
    • Dendrite: Branch like structures that protrude from the cell body.
      • Carry nerve impulses from neighbouring neurons towards the cell body
    • Axon: Carries electrical impulses away from the cell body down the length of the neuron
      • Covered in myelin sheath
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