physics 1

• sound energy


  energy carried by sound waves
• thermal energy


  Heat energy
• chemical energy


  Energy stored in chemical bonds
• electrical energy


  Energy caused by the movement of electrons.
• light energy


  Energy in the form of moving waves of light
• kinetic energy


  energy of movement
• gravitional potential energy


  potential energy that depends on the height of an object
• elastic potential energy


  the energy of stretched or compressed objects
• conservation of energy


  law that says energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can change forms
• Efficiency =


  Useful Energy Output / Total Energy Input
• Increase efficiency


  - add lubricant

  - reduce friction
• internal energy


  the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all particles in the system
• Conduction


  The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching.
• Insulator


  A material that does not allow heat or electrons to move through it easily.
• Radiation


  Energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles.
• greenhouse effect


  CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb long wavelength radiation radiated from the Earth's surface and prevent it escaping.
• black


  good absorber of radiation
• white


  poor absorber of radiation
• specific heat capacity


  the energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius
• energy transfer


  power x time
• non-renewable energy


  A natural resource such as coal, gas, or oil that, once consumed, cannot be replaced.
• renewable energy


  A resource that has a theoretically unlimited supply and is not depleted when used by humans.

  solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower, tidal, wave, nuclear, biofuel

  dis: unreliable (except hydroelectric and geothermal)
• nuclear power


  energy from splitting Uranium atoms.

  dis: nuclear waste, expensive
• light emitting diode

  
• volt meter


  measures potential difference

  
• ammeter


  measuring the current

  
• resistance


  A material's opposition to the flow of electric current.
• current


  A flow of electric charge.
• Density formula


  mass/volume
• freezing


  liquid to solid
• melting


  solid to liquid
• condensing


  gas to liquid
• boiling


  liquid to gas
• sublimating


  solid to gas or gas to solid
• conservation of mass


  the principle stating that matter is not created or destroyed during a chemical reaction
• latent heat


  the energy absorbed or released during a change in state
• Specific Latent Heat


  Amount of heat needed to change the state of 1 kilo of a substance WITHOUT a change in temperature.
• specific latent heat equation

  energy = mass x specific latent heat
• specific latent heat of fusion

  the energy needed to change a unit mass from the solid to the liquid phase at constant temperature
• specific latent heat of vaporisation

  the energy needed to change a unit mass from the liquid to the vapour phase at constant temperature