TEACHING PROFESSION

• Primitive Education


  Education for Conformity
• Aims of Primitive Education

  • To survive
  • To conform to the tribe to which they belong
• Contents of Primitive Education

  • Practical Education
  • Theoretical Education
• Methods of Primitive Education

  • Tell me and show me
  • Trial and error
  • Enculturation
  • Indoctrination
• Enculturation


  An individual learns the traditional content of a culture and assimilates its practices and values
• Primitive


  Being the first or earliest of the kind or in existence, especially in an early age of the world
• The evolutionist believes that education started when primitive people began their quest to find ways to feed, clothe, shelter and protect themselves, and compete with animals to survive
• Characteristics of Primitive Culture

  • Relatively simple
  • Narrow social and cultural contracts
  • Extraordinary conservative and prone to superstitions
  • The organization of primitive life is tribal not political so that one function of education is to enable one to live with his relatives
  • Absence of reading and writing
• Aims of Primitive Education


  • Security and survival from dangers that could be inflicted by natural phenomena, fierce, wild and poisonous animals, evil spirits, hunger because of scarcity of food, other hostile tribes
  • Conformity - the interest of one was sacrificed for the interest of the group
  • Preservation and transmission of traditions - the ways they were doing things were the best and they want to preserve it and be transmitted to the incoming generation
• Types of Primitive Education

  • Vocational like hunting, constructing a hut
  • Religious (animistic) - learning how to participate in ritualistic practices to please or appease the unseen spirits
• Agencies of Primitive Education

  • Home
  • Environment
• Methods of Primitive Instruction


  • Observation and imitation from parents
  • Simple telling and demonstrations
  • Participation - children participated in the work of their parents as they learned
• Effects of Primitive Education: Culture was passed on and preserved for generation, people were able to adjust and adapt to political and social life, tribes were able to meet their economic needs and were able to survive
• Oriental Education


  Education for the Preservation of Social Stability
• Aims of Oriental Education

  • To impress traditional ideas and customs in order to maintain and perpetuate the long established social order
• Contents of Oriental Education

  • Moral Training
  • Theoretical Training
• Methods of Oriental Education

  • Imitation
  • Memorization
• Proponents of Oriental Education

  • Chinese - To preserve and perpetuate ancestral tradition
  • Indians - To preserve the caste system
  • Egyptians - To preserve religious tradition
• The Chinese educational heritage reveals persistent efforts to maintain unbroken cultural continuity. The early Chinese were ethnocentric and believed their language and culture to be superior to all others
• During periods of social turmoil in ancient China, educational controversies focused on either preserving or changing the culture. Three competing philosophies emerged: Legalism, Taoism, Confucianism
• Legalism


  Became imperial China's official philosophy during the Chin dynasty. It advocated a highly disciplined authoritarian government that would uphold order at all costs. The Legalists' aim in education was to indoctrinate people to accept law and order as they defined it
• Taoism


  Presented a philosophical alternative to Legalism that still influences Chinese culture and education. It encourages self-reflection and introspection to find one's true self
• Confucianism


  Replaced Legalism when the Han dynasty came to power. Confucius created an educational system based on an ethical hierarchy of responsibilities that began with the emperor and flowed downward, touching everyone in society
• China's contributions to world and Western education include the system of national examinations
• Aims of Early Egyptian Education


  • Training of scribes
  • Religious - inculcate proper respect for the gods and the pharaoh
  • Utilitarian - transfer skills in occupation and household
  • Preservation of cultural patterns
• Types of Early Egyptian Education

  • Religious Education
  • Vocational-professional education
  • Military Education
  • Education for public administration
  • Priesthood Education
  • Home arts education
  • Writing, reading and language education
• Agencies of Early Egyptian Education

  • Home
  • Temple schools
  • Military schools
  • Court School
  • Vocational schools
• Methods of Early Egyptian Instruction

  • Apprenticeship
  • Dictation, memorization, copying, imitation, repetition
  • Observation and participation
• The Egyptians' outstanding contributions to education were probably geometrical measurement and surveying. They were the first to use these two mathematical techniques
• Greek Education


  Education for the Development of Individuality
• Aims of Spartan Education

  • To develop a good soldier in each citizen
• Aims of Athenian Education


  • To perfect man (body and mind) for individual excellence needed for public usefulness
• Curriculum of Spartan Education


  • Physical Education and Military Training
  • Music and Dance
• Teaching Process of Spartan Education

  • 0-7 years old - Stays in the care of their mothers

  1. 18 years old - Lives at a barrack typed schools under a paidonomos (military commander) at the state's expense

  18-20 years old - Professional military and warfare training

  20-30 years old - Oath of allegiance and deployed for war

  30 years old - Survivors of war become full fledged citizens of Sparta and are required to marry to propagate their race
• Curriculum of Athenian Education

  • Civic Training - Democracy

  Physical Training at the Palestrata (public gymnasium)

  Moral Training

  Intellectual Training - Music, poetry, and dance
• Teaching Process of Athenian Education

  • 0-7 years old - Stays with family

  7 years old - Enters schools under the supervision of a paidagogus (educated slave)

  Up to 14 years old - End of school for average family

  Up to 18 years old - For rich families

  18-20 year old - Becomes ephebos (novice citizen) and undergoes military training
• Greek Education influenced the Philippine Education System through physical education subjects, sports events, CAT/ROTC, military schools, and private schools emphasizing math, logic, and science
• Roman Education


  Education for Utilitarianism
• Aims of Roman Education

  • Early Romans: Vir bonus (good soldier, good worker, good citizen)

  Later Romans: Linguistic facility (oratory)
• Contents of Roman Education

  • Physical training (martial arts, use of war weapons)

  Linguistic exercises, intensive drill on speech, grammar